| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Globalization and the U.S. Export-Import Business | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Overview of Global Business Today | |
| |
| |
| Benefits of Trade | |
| |
| |
| What Makes Up Global Business? | |
| |
| |
| Foreign Investment | |
| |
| |
| Export-Import Trade | |
| |
| |
| Recent Changes in U.S. Export-Import Trade Policies and Procedures | |
| |
| |
| Technology Energizes Globalization | |
| |
| |
| Electronic Technologies | |
| |
| |
| New Information Resources | |
| |
| |
| Communications Breakthroughs | |
| |
| |
| Supply Chain Management | |
| |
| |
| Challenges to Globalization | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Review Questions | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions and Activities | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Globalization and Trade Liberalization | |
| |
| |
| International Alliances | |
| |
| |
| The International Monetary Fund (IMF) | |
| |
| |
| The World Bank | |
| |
| |
| The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) | |
| |
| |
| G8 Ministers Conferences | |
| |
| |
| Regional Alliances | |
| |
| |
| The European Union (EU) | |
| |
| |
| The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) | |
| |
| |
| Trade Liberalization | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Review Questions | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions and Activities | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| The U.S. Role in Global Trade | |
| |
| |
| Trouble in World Trade? | |
| |
| |
| Key U.S. Trade Relationships | |
| |
| |
| U.S.-Canada Trade | |
| |
| |
| U.S.-China Trade | |
| |
| |
| U.S.-Mexico-Trade | |
| |
| |
| U.S.-Japan Trade | |
| |
| |
| U.S.-Germany Trade | |
| |
| |
| U.S.-U.K. Trade | |
| |
| |
| U.S.-E.U. Trade | |
| |
| |
| U.S. Perspectives on Global Trade | |
| |
| |
| G20 Summits-Washington, D.C. (November 2008) and London, England (April 2009) | |
| |
| |
| Group of Seven Meeting-Rome | |
| |
| |
| Recent U.S. Trade Trends | |
| |
| |
| Prosperity Flows from Trade | |
| |
| |
| CAFTA-DRFTA | |
| |
| |
| MEFTA Free Trade Area | |
| |
| |
| Non-ratified FTAs | |
| |
| |
| The End of Textile and Apparel Quotas | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Review Questions | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions and Activities | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| U.S. Exporting Policies and Procedures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basics of Exporting | |
| |
| |
| What Is Exporting? | |
| |
| |
| Challenges to Exporting | |
| |
| |
| Deciding to Export | |
| |
| |
| Is Our Product Exportable? | |
| |
| |
| Exporting Goods versus Exporting Services | |
| |
| |
| Do We Have Sufficient Resources? | |
| |
| |
| Are We Prepared to Export? | |
| |
| |
| Getting Started in Exporting | |
| |
| |
| Export-Readiness Evaluation | |
| |
| |
| Market Entry Options | |
| |
| |
| Market Entry Strategies | |
| |
| |
| Determining Your Export Potential | |
| |
| |
| Developing an Exporting Marketing Plan | |
| |
| |
| Initiating Market Research | |
| |
| |
| Where to Begin | |
| |
| |
| A Step-by-Step Approach | |
| |
| |
| Formulating Pro-Active Strategies: Communication and Trade Shows | |
| |
| |
| Following Through with an Export Order | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Review Questions | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions and Activities | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Additional References | |
| |
| |
| Appendix: Basic Resources Links Data | |
| |
| |
| Links | |
| |
| |
| |
| U.S. Export Controls and Procedures | |
| |
| |
| The Export Administration Regulations | |
| |
| |
| Reasons for Export Controls | |
| |
| |
| National Security (NS) | |
| |
| |
| Foreign Policy (FP) | |
| |
| |
| Short Supply (SS) | |
| |
| |
| The EAR and Dual-Use Items | |
| |
| |
| New Dual-Use Export Control Initiative | |
| |
| |
| Foreign End-Users | |
| |
| |
| U.S. Competitiveness | |
| |
| |
| Transparency | |
| |
| |
| Export Licensing Requirements | |
| |
| |
| How to Determine if You Need a Commerce Export License | |
| |
| |
| What Are Your Exporting? | |
| |
| |
| Where Are Your Exports Going? | |
| |
| |
| Who Will Receive Your Export? | |
| |
| |
| What Will Be the end-Use of Your Export? | |
| |
| |
| Export Authorization | |
| |
| |
| No License Required (NLR) | |
| |
| |
| License | |
| |
| |
| License Exception | |
| |
| |
| Applying for an Export License | |
| |
| |
| Export License Application Processing | |
| |
| |
| License Status | |
| |
| |
| How to Avoid Delays | |
| |
| |
| Help with Export Administration Regulations | |
| |
| |
| Basic Export Documents | |
| |
| |
| Shipper's Export Declaration (SED or Form 7525-V) | |
| |
| |
| Commercial Invoice | |
| |
| |
| Certificate of Origin | |
| |
| |
| CE Mark Requirements | |
| |
| |
| Exporters Bill of Lading | |
| |
| |
| Insurance Certificate | |
| |
| |
| Export Packing List | |
| |
| |
| Import License | |
| |
| |
| Consular Invoice | |
| |
| |
| Inspection Certificate | |
| |
| |
| Dock Receipt and Warehouse Receipt | |
| |
| |
| Destination Control Statement | |
| |
| |
| Export License | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Review Questions | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions and Activities | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Importing into the United States | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basics of Importing into the United States | |
| |
| |
| Importing is a Privilege, Not a Right | |
| |
| |
| Why Imports? | |
| |
| |
| Risks to Importing | |
| |
| |
| Reasons for Importing | |
| |
| |
| The Market | |
| |
| |
| Some Questions to Ask about the Market for an Imported Product | |
| |
| |
| Conducting a S.W.O.T. Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Locating Foreign Suppliers | |
| |
| |
| Import Penetration | |
| |
| |
| Importing E-Tailers and Retailers | |
| |
| |
| The E-tailing Explosion | |
| |
| |
| Sourcing Options for Retailers | |
| |
| |
| Importing by Manufacturers | |
| |
| |
| Domestic Production-Foreign Materials | |
| |
| |
| Foreign Production-Domestic Materials | |
| |
| |
| Manufacturer-owned Foreign Production | |
| |
| |
| The Import Debate | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Review Questions | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions and Activities | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Entering the Import Business | |
| |
| |
| Five Steps to Importing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Determine Customs Classification | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculate Customs Quotas and Duties | |
| |
| |
| |
| Find Out Special Customs Regulations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Obtain Outside Agency Approvals | |
| |
| |
| |
| Follow Sampling Procedures | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Review Questions | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions and Activities | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Navigating the Maze of Import Controls | |
| |
| |
| History of U.S. Customs | |
| |
| |
| Import Controls | |
| |
| |
| U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) | |
| |
| |
| Import Procedures | |
| |
| |
| Protest | |
| |
| |
| Mail Shipments | |
| |
| |
| Foreign Assets Control | |
| |
| |
| Compliance Assessment and Measurement | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Review Questions | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rewards and Challenges of Export-Import Trade | |
| |
| |
| |
| Exporting America's Fashion Goods Around the World | |
| |
| |
| Reasons for Exporting | |
| |
| |
| Exporting by Entrepreneurs and Young Designers | |
| |
| |
| Smaller Fashion Businesses | |
| |
| |
| Exporting by Retailers | |
| |
| |
| Macy's and Bloomingdale's | |
| |
| |
| Saks, Incorporated | |
| |
| |
| Exporting by Fashion Marketing Organizations | |
| |
| |
| Abercrombie & Fitch | |
| |
| |
| GUESS, Inc. | |
| |
| |
| Est�e Lauder Companies, Inc. | |
| |
| |
| Levi Strauss & Co. | |
| |
| |
| Nike, International | |
| |
| |
| Williams-Sonoma, Incorporated | |
| |
| |
| Exporting by Designers | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Review Questions | |
| |
| |
| Discussion and Activities | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Getting Paid or Paying for Exports or Imports | |
| |
| |
| Methods of Payment | |
| |
| |
| Cash-in-Advance | |
| |
| |
| Letters of Credit | |
| |
| |
| Documentary Drafts | |
| |
| |
| Open Account | |
| |
| |
| Cosignment | |
| |
| |
| Selecting Your Banker | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Review Questions | |
| |
| |
| Discussion Questions and Activities | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Credits | |
| |
| |
| Index | |