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Preface | |
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Performance Flight Testing | |
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Introduction | |
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Introduction to Flight Testing | |
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Types of Flight Tests | |
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Sequence of Flight Testing | |
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Planning the Test Program | |
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Governing Requirements and Regulations | |
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The Atmosphere | |
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Aircraft Weight and Center of Gravity | |
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Flight Testing Tolerances | |
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References | |
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Methods for Reducing Data Uncertainty in Flight Test Data | |
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Introduction | |
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Sources and Magnitudes of Errors | |
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Avoiding or Minimizing Errors | |
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Error Analysis | |
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References | |
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Airspeed Systems Theory and Calibration | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Regulation Requirements | |
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Theory of Airspeed Systems | |
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Position Error | |
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Lag Errors | |
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Altimeter Position Error | |
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In-Flight Calibration Methods | |
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Temperature Probe Calibration | |
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References | |
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Stall Speed Measurement | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Administration Requirements | |
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Stall Theory | |
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Aircraft Loading | |
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Safety Considerations | |
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Flight Test Method | |
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Data Reduction Method | |
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References | |
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Determination of Engine Power in Flight | |
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Introduction | |
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Power Measurement of an Internal Combustion Engine in Flight | |
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Installed Horsepower Losses and How They Affect Power Measurement | |
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Power Corrections | |
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Critical Altitude Determination | |
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References | |
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Propeller Theory | |
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Introduction | |
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Propeller Theory | |
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Propeller Polar Diagram | |
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Constant Speed or Controllable Propellers | |
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Activity Factor | |
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Propeller Noise | |
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References | |
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Jet Thrust Measurement In Flight | |
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Introduction | |
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Basic Theory | |
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Methods of In-Flight Thrust Measurement | |
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References | |
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Level Flight Performance Theory | |
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Introduction | |
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Thrust Required | |
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Effects of Variables on Thrust Required | |
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Power Required | |
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Effects of Variables on the Power Required Curves | |
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Effects of High Mach Number | |
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Thrust or Power Available | |
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References | |
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Level Flight Performance Flight Test and Data Reduction Methods for Propeller-Driven Aircraft | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Administration Requirements | |
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PIW-VIW Method | |
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Flight Test Method | |
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Reduction of Observed Data | |
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Expansion of Observed Data | |
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Reference | |
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Level Flight Performance Jet Aircraft | |
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Introduction | |
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Theory | |
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Flight Test Techniques | |
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Data Reduction | |
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References | |
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Range and Endurance | |
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Introduction | |
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Range--Propeller-Driven Airplanes | |
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Range--Jet Aircraft | |
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Effects of Wind on Range | |
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Endurance--Propeller-Driven Aircraft | |
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Endurance--Jet Aircraft | |
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References | |
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Climb Performance Theory | |
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Introduction | |
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Climb Theory | |
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References | |
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Climb Performance Methods, Data Reduction, and Expansion | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Administration Regulations | |
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Test Methods | |
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Reduction Methods for Steady Climbs | |
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Expansion Methods | |
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References | |
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Energy Approach to Performance Flight Testing | |
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Introduction | |
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Theory | |
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Application to Climb Performance | |
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Other Applications of Energy Methods | |
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Level Acceleration Flight Test Method | |
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References | |
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Turning Performance | |
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Introduction | |
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Forces on an Aircraft during a Level Turn | |
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Turning Performance Limitations | |
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Flight Test Method | |
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References | |
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Methods for Drag Determination in Flight | |
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Introduction | |
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Speed Power Method | |
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Prop-Feathered Sinks or Glide Polars | |
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Incremental Drag Method | |
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Incremental Power Method | |
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References | |
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Airspeed vs Flight Path Angle Performance Method for Powered-Lift Aircraft | |
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Introduction | |
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V-[gamma] Method | |
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References | |
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Takeoff and Landing Theory and Methods | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Administration Regulations | |
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Theory | |
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Test Methods | |
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Test Procedures | |
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Data Reduction | |
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Rejected Takeoff Distances | |
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References | |
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Stability and Control Flight Testing | |
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Introduction to Stability and Control Flight Testing | |
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Introduction | |
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Regulations | |
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Reference Axes Systems | |
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Definitions of Stability and Controllability | |
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Relation of Stability and Control to the Aircraft's c.g. Envelope | |
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Control System Characteristics | |
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References | |
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Static Longitudinal Stability Theory | |
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Introduction | |
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Stick-Fixed Static Longitudinal Stability | |
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Longitudinal Control | |
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Elevator Position Stability | |
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Stick-Free Longitudinal Stability | |
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Control Force Stability | |
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Stick-Free Longitudinal Static Stability for an Irreversible Control System | |
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References | |
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Static Longitudinal Stability Flight Test Methods | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Administration Regulations | |
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Stick-Fixed Neutral Point Determination | |
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Stick-Free Neutral Point Determination | |
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Flight Test Method for Determination of Neutral Points | |
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Other Static Longitudinal Stability Tests | |
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References | |
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Dynamic Longitudinal Stability Theory | |
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Introduction | |
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Theory | |
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Long Period or Phugoid | |
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Short Period | |
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Elevator Short Period | |
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References | |
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Dynamic Longitudinal Stability Flight Test Methods and Data Reduction | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Administration Regulations | |
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Flight Test Methods for Evaluating the Phugoid | |
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Phugoid Data Reduction | |
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Short Period Flight Test Methods | |
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Short Period Data Reduction | |
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References | |
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Longitudinal Maneuvering Stability Theory | |
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Introduction | |
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Elevator Position Maneuvering Stability | |
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Stick-Force Maneuvering Stability | |
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Compressibility Effects | |
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References | |
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Maneuvering Stability Methods and Data Reduction | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Administration Regulations | |
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Evaluation by Pilot Opinion | |
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Flight Test Methods for Quantitative Evaluation | |
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Data Reduction Techniques | |
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References | |
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Longitudinal Control and Trim Theory and Flight Test Methods | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Administration Regulations | |
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Longitudinal Control | |
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Longitudinal Trim | |
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References | |
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Methods for Improving Longitudinal Stability and Control | |
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Introduction | |
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Control System Gadgets | |
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Elevator Tabs | |
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Aerodynamic Balance | |
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References | |
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Lateral-Directional Stability Theory and Flight Test Methods | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Administration Regulations | |
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Theory | |
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Directional Stability | |
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Lateral Stability | |
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Side Force | |
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Control-Free, Lateral-Directional Stability | |
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Flight Test Methods | |
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References | |
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Dynamic Lateral-Directional Stability Theory and Flight Test Methods | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Administration Regulations | |
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Theory | |
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Spiral Mode | |
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Roll Mode | |
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Dutch Roll Mode | |
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Effects of Lateral-Directional Parameters on Lateral-Directional Dynamics | |
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Flight Test Methods for Evaluating Dynamic Lateral-Directional Stability | |
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References | |
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Lateral Control Power (Rolling Performance) | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Administration Regulations | |
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Single Degree of Freedom Roll Response | |
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Influence of Various Parameters on Rolling Performance | |
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Lateral Control in the Real Case | |
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Other Methods of Roll Control | |
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References | |
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Directional Control | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Administration Regulations | |
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Directional Control--Single-Engine Airplanes | |
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Directional Control--Multiengine Airplanes | |
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Methods for Determining C[subscript N delta subscript r] | |
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References | |
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Flying Qualities | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Administration Regulations | |
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Cooper-Harper Pilot Rating Scale | |
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Levels of Flying Qualities | |
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Flight Test Procedures | |
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References | |
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Hazardous Flight Tests | |
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Stall Characteristics | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Administration Regulations | |
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Stall Characteristics Theory | |
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Aircraft Loading | |
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Safety Considerations | |
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Flight Test Method | |
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Data Requirements | |
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Potential Problems | |
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Problem Fixes | |
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References | |
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Airplane Spin Testing | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Administration Regulations | |
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Spin Theory | |
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Planning for Spin Testing | |
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Flight Test Method | |
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References | |
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Dive Testing for Flutter, Vibration, and Buffeting | |
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Introduction | |
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Federal Aviation Administration Regulations | |
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Theory | |
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Safety Considerations | |
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Instrumentation | |
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Flight Test Method | |
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Data Analysis | |
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References | |