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List of Figures | |
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List of Tables | |
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List of Boxes | |
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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Environmental Land Use Management | |
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Managing Human-Environment Interactions | |
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What Is Environmental Management? | |
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Participants and Roles in Environmental Management | |
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Environmental Management: A Reflection of Social Culture, Values, and Ethics | |
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Visions of Paradise: Contemporary Perspectives on Managing the Environment | |
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Historical Paradigms of Environmental Management and Evolution Toward Sustainability | |
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Toward Sustainable Development | |
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From Conservation to the Ecological Way | |
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Summary | |
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Environmental Planning | |
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What Is Environmental Planning? | |
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Approaches to Planning and the Planning Process | |
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Interdisciplinary Considerations in Environmental Planning | |
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Environmental Science and Engineering | |
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Environmental Economics | |
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Environmental Evaluation | |
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Environmental Politics | |
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Participation, Collaboration, and Conflict Resolution | |
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Environmental Law | |
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The Role of the Planner | |
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Planner as Technician, as Information Source | |
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Planner as Facilitator of Public Involvement, Builder of Community Support, Champion of Citizen Empowerment | |
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Planner as Regulator | |
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Planner as Negotiator among Interests, Mediator of Conflicts | |
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Planner as Political Adviser, as Politician | |
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Planner as Designer, as Visionary | |
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Planner as Advocate | |
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Environmental Planning in the Twenty-First Century: Toward Social and Scientific Learning through Collaborative and Adaptive Planning and Management | |
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Summary | |
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Land Use Planning for Environmental Management | |
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Land Use and Development | |
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Urban and Regional Development: The Evolution of and Response to Sprawl | |
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Rural Land Use and Development | |
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Public Resource Lands | |
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Land Use and Environmental Protection | |
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Land Use and Natural Hazards | |
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Land Use Impacts on Human Environmental Health | |
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Land Use Impacts on Hydrologic Systems | |
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Land Use Impacts on Agricultural and Other Productive Land | |
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Land Use Impacts on Ecological Resources | |
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Land Use Impacts on Energy and Material Consumption | |
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Land Use Impacts on Cultural Heritage and Community Character | |
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Land Use Conflicts and Environmental Justice | |
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A Framework for Land Use Planning | |
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Intelligence: Background Data and Planning Analysis | |
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Long-Range General Planning | |
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District Planning | |
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Functional Planning | |
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Implementation Plans | |
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Building Community Consensus | |
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Emerging Approaches for Environmental Land Use Planning and Management | |
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Community-Based Environmental Protection | |
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Watershed Management | |
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Ecosystem Management | |
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Summary | |
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Collaborative Environmental Management and Public Participation | |
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Shared and Social Capital | |
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Collaborative Environmental Planning and Decision Making | |
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What Is Collaborative Environmental Planning? | |
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Why Collaborate? | |
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How to Collaborate? | |
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From Decision Making to Action: Involving Stakeholders in Implementation | |
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Considerations in Designing a Participation/Collaboration Process | |
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What Are the Motivations and Objectives for Participation? | |
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What Level of Participation Is Appropriate? | |
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Who Should Be Involved? | |
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When Should Participation Occur? | |
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What Obstacles and Opportunities Are Present? | |
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How Should Participation Be Evaluated? | |
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What Participation and Collaboration Tools Should Be Employed? | |
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Tools for Participation and Collaboration | |
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Participatory Tools for Sustainable Design | |
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Citizen Participation in Environmental Monitoring | |
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Water Monitoring Programs | |
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Mapping Environmental Conditions | |
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Some Applications of Collaborative Environmental Management | |
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National Forest Planning and Management in Virginia | |
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Merck & Co. Project XL Agreement | |
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Summary | |
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Land Conservation for Working Landscapes, Open Space, and Ecological Protection | |
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Some Dimensions of Land Conservation | |
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Government Land Conservation | |
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Federal Land Conservation | |
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State and Local Land Conservation | |
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Land Trusts | |
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The Growing Role of Land Trusts | |
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National/International Land Trusts: The Nature Conservancy | |
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Local/Regional Land Trusts | |
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Tools for Land Conservation | |
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Designing a Land Conservation Program | |
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Acquiring Land and Development Rights | |
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Collaborative Conservation and Development | |
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Tools to Conserve the Working Landscape | |
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Design and Planning Tools for Open Space, Greenways, and Green Infrastructure | |
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Private Land Stewardship | |
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Smart Conservation and Smart Growth | |
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Summary | |
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Design with Nature for People: Sustainable, Livable, and Smart Land Use Development | |
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Introduction | |
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Problems of Sprawl Revisited | |
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Participants in Arresting Sprawl | |
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Emerging Demographic and Land Development Trends | |
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Basic Concepts and Early Roots of Sustainable Design | |
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The Evolving Practice of Sustainable and Livable Development Design | |
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The Ahwahnee Principles and Charter for the New Urbanism | |
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Reducing Automobile Dependence: Toward Walkable Communities and Transit-Orientation | |
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Traditional Neighborhoods, Walkability, and Community Life | |
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Community and Suburban Revitalization: Small Cities, Villages, and Neighborhoods | |
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The Working Landscape, Rural Clusters, and Conservation Subdivision Design | |
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Greyfield and Brownfield Redevelopment | |
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Green Buildings and Green Development | |
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The Regional Context | |
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Process for Sustainable Land Use Design | |
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Summary | |
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Local Government Smart Growth Management | |
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Tools for Smart Growth Management and Land Use Control | |
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Comprehensive/General Planning | |
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Regulatory Tools for Growth Management | |
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Nonregulatory Tools | |
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Integrating Tools for Growth Management | |
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Summary | |
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Regional, State, and Federal Management of Environmentally Sensitive Lands | |
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Regional Programs for Smart Growth Management and Environmental Land Protection | |
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San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission | |
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Twin Cities Metropolitan Council | |
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Adirondack Park Agency | |
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New Jersey Pinelands Commission | |
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Tahoe Regional Planning Agency | |
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State Growth Management Programs: Toward Smart Growth | |
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Statewide Land Use Programs (Type 1) | |
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State "Critical Areas" Protection Programs (Type 2) | |
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Federal Programs for Environmental Land Use Planning and Management | |
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Federal Programs Affecting Private Land Use | |
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Policies Guiding the Activities of Federal Agencies | |
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Public Land Management | |
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Summary | |
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Natural Hazard Mitigation | |
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Natural Hazard Mitigation | |
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Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability, and Risk | |
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Hazard Mitigation | |
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Natural Hazard Mitigation Planning | |
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Flooding and Flood Hazard Mitigation | |
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Approaches to Flood Hazard Mitigation | |
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Floodplain Management | |
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Floodplain Maps and Flood Profiles | |
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Coastal Zone Hazards | |
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Coastal Storm Hazards | |
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Mitigating Coastal Hazards through Smart Land Development Practices | |
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Mitigating Geologic Hazards | |
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Slope Stability | |
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Support Problems | |
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Seismic and Volcanic Hazards | |
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Wildfire Hazards | |
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Other Natural Hazards | |
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Summary | |
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Ecosystem and Watershed Management | |
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Principles of Ecosystem Management | |
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Ecosystem Management on Public Lands | |
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Ecosystem Management on Private Lands | |
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Ecosystem Management, TNC-Style: "Conservation by Design" | |
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Ecological Restoration | |
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Principles and Process of Watershed Protection | |
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The Watershed Protection Approach | |
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Center for Watershed Protection's Basic Concepts in Watershed Planning | |
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Watershed and Ecosystem Assessment | |
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Integrating Compatible Programs and Solutions | |
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Institutional Arrangements for Ecosystem and Watershed Management | |
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Institutional Models for Watershed Management | |
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The Watershed Group/Association | |
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The Watershed Manager | |
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Stakeholder Involvement and Advisory Committees | |
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Integrating Statewide and Local Watershed Programs | |
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Applications of Ecosystem and Watershed Management | |
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Federal Agency Ecosystem Management | |
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Watershed Success Stories | |
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Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds | |
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Summary | |
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Environmental Land Use Principles and Planning Analysis | |
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Environmental Geospatial Data and Geographic Information Systems | |
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Role of Data and Information in Environmental Planning and Management | |
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A Tiered Process | |
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Considerations and Pitfalls in Use of Data and Information | |
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Geospatial Information | |
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Maps and Some Cartographic Fundamentals | |
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Remote Sensing Information: Aerial Photos and Satellite Imagery | |
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Environmental Monitoring with Remote Sensing and Future Prospects | |
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Digital Map and Remote Sensing Data | |
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Community Environmental Planning Data on the Internet | |
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Internet Mapping and Data Monitoring | |
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Geographic Information Systems | |
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Some Fundamentals of GIS | |
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GIS Applications in Environmental Land Use Planning | |
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The Power and Pitfalls of GIS | |
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Environmental Field Data | |
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Community Indicators, Indexes, and Thresholds | |
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Summary | |
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Soils, Topography, and Land Use | |
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Land Use Properties of Soils and Soil Quality | |
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Land Use Properties of Soil | |
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Soil Quality and Soil Degradation | |
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Soil Surveys and Interpretive Soils Mapping | |
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Interpretive Soils Mapping Using the Soil Survey | |
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Soil Surveys in the Digital Age | |
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Limitations of Soil Surveys and New Advances | |
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Slope Analysis | |
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Determining Slope of a Site from a Topographic Map | |
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Producing an Areawide Slope Map | |
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Slope Mapping Using GIS | |
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Soil Drainability, On-site Wastewater, and Land Application of Wastes | |
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Agricultural Lands and Land Evaluation and Site Assessment | |
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Agricultural Land Conversion | |
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Land Evaluation and Site Assessment | |
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Urban Soils | |
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Soil Erosion and Assessment | |
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Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, Erodibility Index, and Highly Erodible Lands | |
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Mitigating Soil Erosion from Agricultural Lands | |
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Urban Erosion and Sediment Control | |
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Summary | |
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Land Use, Stream Flow, and Runoff Pollution | |
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The Water Balance | |
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Watersheds and Channel Processes | |
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Overland Drainage: Runoff and Watersheds | |
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Channel Processes and Geomorphology | |
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Effects of Land Use on Stream Flow and Predicting Peak Discharge | |
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The Rational Method | |
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TR 55 Peak Discharge Graphical Method | |
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Effects of Land Use on Water Quality | |
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Water Quality Fundamentals | |
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Land Use Practices and Nonpoint Sources (NPS) Pollution | |
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Effects of Land Use on Stream Integrity | |
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Stream Integrity and Impervious Surfaces | |
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Stream Assessment | |
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Summary | |
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Appendices | |
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Stormwater Management and Stream Restoration | |
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Comprehensive Stormwater Management | |
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Stormwater Management Programs and Ordinances | |
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Integrated Management of Nonpoint and Point Source Water Pollution | |
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Stream Restoration | |
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Stormwater Management Measures | |
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Land Use Design and Management | |
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Lakeshore Protection | |
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Pollutant Source Reduction | |
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Stormwater Management Practices | |
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Effectiveness of Urban Stormwater Management Practices | |
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Selection and Sizing Considerations for Urban Stormwater Management Practices | |
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Stream and Riparian Corridor Preservation and Restoration | |
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Principles and Process of Stream Corridor Protection and Restoration | |
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Designing Restored Stream Channels, Meanders, and Floodplains | |
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Bioengineering Measures to Restore Stream Corridors and Control Bank Erosion | |
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Summary | |
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Land Use and Groundwater | |
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Groundwater Hydrology Fundamentals | |
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Aquifers and Recharge | |
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Potentimetric (Piezometric) Surface and the Cone of Depression | |
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Groundwater Flow and Relationship with Surface Water | |
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Land Use, Groundwater Recharge, and Contamination | |
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Impervious Surface and Groundwater Recharge | |
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Groundwater Contamination | |
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Assessing Groundwater Resources | |
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Understanding the Groundwater System: Hydrogeologic Investigations | |
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DRASTIC: Mapping Groundwater Contamination Susceptibility | |
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Groundwater Source Protection | |
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Sole Source Aquifers | |
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Wellhead Protection Planning | |
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Summary | |
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Landscape Ecology, Urban Forestry, and Wetlands | |
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Fundamentals of Landscape Ecology | |
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Vegetation | |
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Classifying, Inventorying, and Mapping Vegetation | |
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Rapid Ecological Assessment | |
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Vegetative Buffers | |
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Forest Health | |
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Urban Forestry | |
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Urban and Regional Forest Canopy Analysis | |
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Developing a Community Forest Management Strategy | |
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Inventorying and Evaluating the Urban Forest | |
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Managing the Urban Forest | |
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Wetlands Mitigation and Management | |
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Benefits of Wetlands | |
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Wetland Conversion and Alteration | |
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Wetland Protection, Mitigation, Restoration, and Creation | |
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Federal Wetlands Regulation | |
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State and Local Wetland Protection Programs | |
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Coastal Ecology and Management | |
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Coastal Zone Management | |
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Model Programs for Coastal Zone Management | |
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State CZM Programs: The California Coastal Commission | |
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Summary | |
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Land Use, Wildlife Habitats, and Biodiversity | |
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Some Fundamentals of Wildlife Habitats and Biodiversity | |
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Habitat Cores, Corridors, Connectivity, and Fragmentation | |
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Functional Connectivity and Habitat Restoration | |
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Habitat Inventories and Evaluation | |
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Conservation Corridor Planning in Rural Areas | |
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Principles of Conservation Corridor Planning | |
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Process and Tools for Conservation Corridor Planning | |
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Urban Biodiversity and Wildlife Management | |
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Urban Wildlife Planning | |
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Urban Biodiversity | |
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Endangered Species and Habitat Conservation Planning | |
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Conservation Tools of ESA and Habitat Conservation Planning | |
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Natural Community Conservation Planning in California: Regional Conservation for Multiple Species | |
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Summary | |
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Integration Methods for Environmental Land Analysis | |
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The Environmental Inventory | |
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Rapid Assessment | |
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Land Capability and Suitability Studies | |
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Methods of Combination | |
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Examples of Land Suitability Analysis | |
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Human Carrying Capacity Studies | |
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From Population Levels to the Attribute-Indicator-Threshold Approach | |
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Environmental Thresholds in the Lake Tahoe Basin | |
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Limits of Acceptable Change | |
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The Ecological Footprint | |
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Environmental Impact Assessment in Land Use and Development | |
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"With-Without" Analysis: Impact Variables, Indicators, and Thresholds | |
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The EIA Process | |
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Use of EIA in Land Development | |
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Common Problems in EIA Implementation | |
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Build-out Analysis | |
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Build-out Analysis in Massachusetts's Community Development and Preservation Planning | |
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Summary | |
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References | |