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| Preface | |
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| List of Figures | |
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| List of Tables | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| About the Author | |
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| Microcomputer Architecture | |
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| An Introduction to the Microcomputer | |
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| Computer Architecture | |
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| The Instruction | |
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| Microcomputers | |
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| The 6812 Instruction Set | |
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| 6812 Addressing Modes | |
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| 6812 Data Operator Instructions | |
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| 6812 Control Instructions | |
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| Assembly-Language Directives | |
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| Organization of 6812 Microcontrollers | |
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| Notation for Block Diagrams | |
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| 6812 Microcontroller I/O and Memory Organization | |
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| The MC68HC812A4 and MC68HC912B32 Memory Maps | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Programming Microcomputers | |
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| Introduction to C | |
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| Data Structures | |
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| Indexable Data Structures | |
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| Sequential Data Structures | |
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| Writing Clear C Programs | |
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| C Procedures and Their Arguments | |
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| Programming Style | |
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| Object-Oriented Programming | |
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| Optimizing C Programs Using Declarations | |
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| Optimizing C Programs with Assembly Language | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Bus Hardware and Signals | |
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| Digital Hardware | |
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| Modules and Signals | |
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| Drivers, Registers, and Memories | |
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| Address and Control Signals in 6812 Microcontrollers | |
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| Address and Control Timing | |
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| Address and Control Signal Decoding | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Parallel and Serial Input/Output | |
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| I/O Devices and Ports | |
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| Generic Port Architecture | |
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| Generic Port Classes | |
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| Debugging Tools | |
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| 6812 Parallel Ports | |
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| MC68HC812A4 Port Architecture | |
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| MC68HC912B32 Port Architecture | |
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| Programming of PORTA | |
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| A Class for Ports with Direction Control | |
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| Input/Output Software | |
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| A Wire | |
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| A Movie | |
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| A Traffic Light Controller | |
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| A Sequential Machine | |
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| An IC Tester | |
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| Object-oriented Vector Functions and Interpreters | |
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| Input/Output Indirection | |
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| Indirect Input/Output | |
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| LCD Interfacing | |
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| Synchronous Serial Input/Output | |
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| The 6812 SPI Module | |
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| Accessing Devices Using Vectors and structs | |
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| Vector Access to Ports | |
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| Vector Pointer Access to Ports | |
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| Using #defines to Name Ports | |
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| Struct Pointer Access to Ports | |
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| Struct Access to Ports | |
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| Indirect and Serial I/O Objects | |
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| A Designer's Selection of I/O Ports and Software | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Interrupts and Alternatives | |
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| Programmed Synchronization | |
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| Real-time Synchronization | |
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| Gadfly Synchronization | |
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| MC68HC812A4 Gadfly Synchronization | |
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| MC68HC912B32 Gadfly Synchronization | |
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| Gadfly Synchronization Characteristics | |
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| Handshaking | |
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| Some Examples of Programmed I/O | |
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| Object-oriented Classes for Programmed I/O | |
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| Interrupt Synchronization | |
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| Steps in an Interrupt | |
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| Steps in an Interrupt in the MC68HC812A4 | |
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| Steps in an Interrupt in the MC68HC912B32 | |
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| Properties of Interrupt Synchronization | |
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| Interrupt Handlers and Critical Sections | |
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| A Handler That Changes a Global Variable | |
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| A Handler That Fills or Empties a Buffer | |
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| A Handler That Uses a Queue for Input | |
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| A Handler That Uses a Queue for Output | |
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| Critical Sections | |
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| Polled Interrupts | |
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| Polled Interrupts in the MC68HC812A4 | |
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| Polled Interrupts in the MC68HC912B32 | |
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| Service Routines | |
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| Round-robin Handlers | |
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| Vectored Interrupts | |
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| Vectored Interrupts in the MC68HC812A4 | |
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| Vectored Interrupts in the MC68HC912B32 | |
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| Vectored Interrupts for Other Devices | |
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| Examples of Interrupt Synchronization | |
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| Keyboard Handling | |
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| Interrupts for SPI Systems | |
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| Histograms and Histories for the MC68HC812A4 | |
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| Object-oriented Classes for Interrupts | |
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| An IQFPort Class | |
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| An OQFPort Class | |
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| Polling IQFPort and OQFPort Classes | |
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| Bar-code Class | |
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| An X-10 Class | |
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| Time-Sharing | |
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| Real-time Interrupts | |
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| Multithread Scheduling | |
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| Threads for Time-sharing | |
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| An Efficient Time Schedular | |
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| Special Instructions for Time-sharing | |
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| Object-oriented Classes for Time-sharing | |
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| Fast Synchronization Mechanisms | |
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| Direct Memory Access | |
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| Context Switching | |
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| Memory Buffer Synchronization | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Problems | |
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| System Control | |
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| 6812 Chip Modes | |
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| MODE Control Port | |
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| Port E Assignment | |
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| 6812 Memory Map Control | |
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| Internal Memory Map Control | |
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| MC68HC812A4 Chip Selects | |
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| MC68HC812A4 Memory Expansion | |
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| Object-oriented Programming of Memory Expansion | |
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| EEPROM and Flash Memory Programming | |
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| MC68HC812A4 Timing Control | |
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| An External Memory for the MC68HC812A4 | |
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| The 6812 Background Debug Module | |
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| 6812 Reset Handler | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Analog Interfacing | |
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| Input and Output Transducers | |
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| Positional Transducers | |
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| Radiant Energy Transducers | |
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| Other Transducers | |
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| Basic Analog Processing Components | |
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| Transistors and Silicon Controlled Rectifiers | |
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| Basic Linear Integrated Circuits | |
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| Practical Linear Integrated Circuits | |
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| OP AMP and Analog Switch Signal Conditioning | |
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| Filters | |
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| Selection of Inputs and Control of Gain | |
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| Nonlinear Amplification | |
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| Converters | |
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| Digital-to-Analog Converters | |
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| Analog-to-Digital Converters | |
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| Voltage Conversion to or from Frequency | |
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| Data Acquisition Systems | |
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| Basic Operation of a Data Acquisition System | |
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| The MC145040 A-to-D Converter | |
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| The MC68HC812A4 A-to-D Converter | |
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| Object-oriented Programming of Converters | |
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| Applications in Control Systems | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Counters and Timers | |
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| The MC68HC812A4 Counter/Timer Subsystem | |
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| Signal Generation | |
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| Output Compare Logic | |
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| The Counter/Timer Square-Wave Generator | |
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| The MC68HC912B32 PWM Signal Generator | |
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| A Touch-tone Signal Generator | |
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| The Pulse Generator | |
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| A Rotary Dialer | |
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| Real-Time Clock and Trace Mechanism | |
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| Output Compare 7 | |
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| Object-oriented Square-wave and Pulse Generation | |
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| Frequency and Period Measurement | |
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| The Input Capture Mechanism and Period Measurement | |
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| Pulse-width Measurement | |
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| Triac Control | |
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| Pulse Accumulation and Frequency Measurement | |
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| Object-oriented Period, Pulse-width, and Frequency Measurements | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Communications Systems | |
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| Communications Principles | |
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| Signal Transmission | |
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| Voltage and Current Linkages | |
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| Frequency Shift-Keyed Links Using Modems | |
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| Infrared Links | |
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| UART Link Protocol | |
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| UART Transmission and Reception by Software | |
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| The UART | |
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| The ACIA | |
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| The M14469 | |
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| The Serial Communication Interface System in the 6812 | |
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| Object-oriented Interfacing to the SCI | |
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| Other Protocols | |
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| Synchronous Bit-oriented Protocols | |
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| MC68HC912B32 BDLC Device | |
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| IEEE-488 Bus Standard | |
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| The Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Display and Storage Systems | |
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| Display Systems | |
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| NTSC Television Signals | |
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| A 6812 SPI Display | |
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| A Bitmapped Display | |
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| An Object-oriented Display | |
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| Storage Systems | |
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| Floppy Disk Format | |
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| The Western Digital 37C65C Floppy Disk Controller | |
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| Floppy Disk Interfacing Procedures | |
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| Personal Computer Disk Data Organization | |
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| Object-oriented Disk I/O | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Appendix. Using the HIWAVE CD-ROM | |
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| Index | |