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Overview and Foundations of Structural Equation Modeling | |
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An Overview of the Conceptual Foundations of SEM | |
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Concepts, Constructs, and Indicators | |
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From Concepts to Constructs to Indicators to Good Models | |
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Sources of Variance in Measurement | |
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Classical Test Theorem | |
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Expanding Classical Test Theorem | |
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Characteristics of Indicators and Constructs | |
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Types of Indicators and Constructs | |
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Categorical versus Metrical Indicators and Constructs | |
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Types of Correlation Coefficients That Can Be Modeled | |
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A Simple Taxonomy of Indicators and Their Roles | |
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Reseating Variables | |
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Parceling | |
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What Changes and How? | |
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Some Advice for SEM Programming | |
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Philosophical Issues and How I Approach Research | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms and Concepts Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Recommended Readings | |
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Design Issues in Longitudinal Studies | |
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Timing of Measurements and Conceptualizing Time | |
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Cross-Sectional Design | |
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Single-Cohort Longitudinal Design | |
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Cross-Sequential Design | |
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Cohort-Sequential Design | |
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Time-Sequential Design | |
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Other Validity Concerns | |
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Temporal Design | |
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Lags within the Internal of Measurement | |
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Episodic and Experiential Time | |
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Missing Data Imputation and Planned Missing Designs | |
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Missing Data Mechanisms | |
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Recommendations and Caveats | |
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Planned Missing Data Designs in Longitudinal Research | |
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Modeling Developmental Processes in Context | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms and Concepts Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Recommended Readings | |
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The Measurement Model | |
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Drawing and Labeling Conventions | |
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Defining the Parameters of a Construct | |
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Scale Setting | |
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Identification | |
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Adding Means to the Model: Scale Setting and Identification with Means | |
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Adding a Longitudinal Component to the CFA Model | |
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Adding Phantom Constructs to the CFA Model | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms and Concepts Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Recommended Readings | |
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Model Fit, Sample Size, and Power | |
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Model Fit and Types of Fit Indices | |
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Statistical Rationale | |
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Modeling Rationale | |
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The Longitudinal Null Model | |
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Summary and Cautions | |
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Sample Size | |
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Power | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms and Concepts Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Recommended Readings | |
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The Longitudinal CFA Model | |
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Factorial Invariance | |
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A Small (Nearly Perfect) Data Example | |
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Configural Factorial Invariance | |
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Weak Factorial Invariance | |
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Strong Factorial Invariance | |
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Evaluating Invariance Constraints | |
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Model Modification | |
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Partial Invariance | |
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A Larger Example Followed by Tests of the Latent Construct Relations | |
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Testing the Latent Construct Parameters | |
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An Application of a Longitudinal SEM to a Repeated-Measures Experiment | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms and Concepts Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Recommended Readings | |
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Specifying and Interpreting a Longitudinal Panel Model | |
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Basics of a Panel Model | |
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The Basic Simplex Change Process | |
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Building a Panel Model | |
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Covariate/Control Variables | |
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Building the Panel Model of Positive and Negative Affect | |
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Illustrative Examples of Panel Models | |
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A Simplex Model of Cognitive Development | |
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Two Simplex Models of Nonlongitudinal Data | |
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A Panel Model of Bullying and Homophobic Teasing | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms and Concepts Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Recommended Readings | |
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Multiple-Group Models | |
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Multiple-Group Longitudinal SEM | |
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Estimate Missing Data and Evaluate the Descriptive Statistics | |
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Perform Any Supplemental Analysis to Rule Out Potential Confounds | |
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Fit an Appropriate Multiple-Croup Longitudinal Null Model | |
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Fit the Configural Invariant Model across Time and Groups | |
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Test for Weak Factorial (Loadings) Invariance | |
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Test for Strong Factorial (Intercepts) Invariance | |
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Test for Mean-Level Differences in the Latent Constructs | |
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Test for the Homogeneity of the Variance-Covariance Matrix among the Latent Constructs | |
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Test the Longitudinal SEM Model in Each Group | |
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A Dynamic P-Technique Multiple-Group Longitudinal Model | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms and Concepts Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Recommended Readings | |
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Multilevel Growth Curves and Multilevel SEM | |
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Longitudinal Growth Curve Model | |
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Multivariate Growth Curve Models | |
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Multilevel Longitudinal Model | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms and Concepts Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Recommended Readings | |
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Mediation and Moderation | |
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Making the Distinction between Mediators and Moderators | |
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Cross-Sectional Mediation | |
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Half-Longitudinal Mediation | |
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Full Longitudinal Mediation | |
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Moderation | |
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Summary | |
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Key Terms and Concepts Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Recommended Readings | |
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Jambalaya: Complex Construct Representations and Decompositions | |
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Multitrait-Multimethod Models | |
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Pseudo-MTMM Models | |
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Bifactor and Higher Order Factor Models | |
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Contrasting Different Variance Decompositions | |
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Digestif | |
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Key Terms and Concepts Introduced in This Chapter | |
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Recommended Readings | |
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References | |
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Author Index | |
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Subject Index | |
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About the Author | |