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List of Case Studies | |
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Foreword | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Introduction | |
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History of the Battered Women's Movement | |
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Domestic Violence: The Facts | |
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Statistics on Violence Against Women | |
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Statistics of Intimate Partner Abuse Among Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States | |
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Statistics of Intimate Partner Abuse Within Cross-Cultural and Global Communities | |
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Intimate Partner Violence Within Special Populations | |
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The Truths of Domestic Violence | |
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Patterns of Violence | |
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The Reality of Domestic Violence | |
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Understanding Battered Women | |
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Why Does She Stay? | |
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Weaving the Fabric of Abuse: Learned Helplessness and Learned Hopelessness | |
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Socialization | |
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Affiliation and Socialization | |
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Sexism | |
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Sexism and Power | |
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Cultural Support for Male-to-Female Violence | |
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A Change of Attitude | |
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Sexism and Therapy | |
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Practice and Policy With Immigrants | |
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Is It Safe to Use Couples or Family Therapy With Abusive Couples? | |
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Families | |
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Overlap of Intimate Partner Abuse and Child Abuse | |
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Children Exposed to Marital Violence | |
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Learning to Be Violent | |
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Social Learning | |
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Childhood Socialization | |
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The Role of Learning and the Pattern of Violence | |
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Walker's Cycle of Violence Theory | |
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Learned Hopefulness | |
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Relationship Commitment | |
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Marital Satisfaction | |
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Failure to Recognize Abuse | |
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Approach-Avoidance Conflict and Entrapment | |
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Summary | |
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Institutional Battering: The Power of the Patriarchy | |
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Below the Poverty Line and Below the Belt | |
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Economic Dependence and Remaining With an Abuser | |
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | |
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Religion | |
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Clergy's Responses to Intimate Partner Violence | |
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Morality: A Reason for Staying | |
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The Failure of Military Responses to Intimate Partner Violence | |
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Sexual Assault in Battering Relationships | |
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Justice and the System | |
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Police Policies Concerning Intimate Partner Violence | |
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Research on Police Policies | |
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The Need for Rational Consequences for IPV Offenders | |
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Concerns About Police Discretion | |
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Mandatory Arrest | |
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Dual Arrest | |
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Domestic Abuse Response Teams (DARTs) | |
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Community IPV Response Teams | |
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Police as Batterers | |
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The Court's Management of IPV Cases | |
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Judges | |
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Protection Orders | |
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Specialized Domestic Violence Courts | |
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Custody Issues | |
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Survivor Compensation | |
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Summary | |
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Victimization: Why Does It Happen to Her? | |
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Are Battered Women Different? | |
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Victim Differences | |
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Special Populations | |
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Teenage and College Women | |
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Older Women | |
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Rural Women | |
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Professional Women | |
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Lesbians | |
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Immigrant Women | |
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Cross-Cultural Issues | |
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Childhood Abuse | |
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Repeat Victimization | |
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Personality Traits | |
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Victim Blaming | |
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Attributions in Violent Relationships | |
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Social Support | |
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Blaming Alcohol | |
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Effects of Captivity | |
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Stockholm Syndrome | |
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Traumatic Bonding | |
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Treblinka | |
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Forced Institutionalization | |
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Conformity and Obedience | |
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Summary | |
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Living With Fear: The Force That Holds, Molds, and Controls | |
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Recognizing Marital Violence | |
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The Subjective and Objective Nature of Fear | |
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Learning to Fear | |
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Emotional/Psychological Abuse | |
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Punishment Effects and Fear | |
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The Nature of Gender Violence | |
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The Multidimensionality of Violence | |
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Summary | |
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Meltdown: The Impact of Stress and Learned Helplessness | |
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Violence-Induced Stress | |
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | |
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Attachment | |
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Frustration, Problem Solving, Coping Skills, and Learned Helplessness | |
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Frustration | |
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Problem Solving | |
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Coping Skills | |
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Learned Helplessness | |
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The Battered Woman Syndrome | |
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Summary | |
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Catalysts for Change | |
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The Importance of Prevention | |
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Empowerment of Battered Women | |
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Shelters | |
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Leaving/Staying: Helping on an Individual Level | |
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Leaving/Staying: Helping on a Community Level | |
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Reducing Male Violence in Ongoing Relationships | |
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International Catalysts for Change | |
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Institutional Interventions | |
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Religious Institutions | |
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Economic Independence | |
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Proactive Medical Care | |
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The Violence Against Women Act | |
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Battered Women and Child Protective Services (CPS) | |
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Changing Legal Interventions in Child Custody | |
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The Criminal Justice System | |
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Police Training | |
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The Military | |
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Voices of Hope: Survivors Speak | |
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Do Women Remain in Abusive Relationships? | |
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Leaving an Abuser | |
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Karen's Catalysts for Change | |
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Karen Revisited | |
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Estimates of Intimate Partner Violence | |
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Nonfatal Physical Assaults of Intimate Partners | |
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Injuries of Intimate Partners | |
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Homicides of Intimate Partners | |
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Racial Differences in Assaults of and by Intimates | |
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Dating Violence | |
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Lesbian Intimate Partner Violence | |
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Elder Abuse Prevalence and Identity of Abusers | |
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Sexual Assaults of Intimate Partners | |
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Stalking of Intimate Partners | |
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Statistical Data About Violence Against Intimates | |
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B.1 | |
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Dating Violence | |
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A Comparison of Prevalence Estimates of Elder Abuse | |
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Estimates of Costs of Intimate Partner Violence | |
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Sexual Assault Fact Sheet | |
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Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of Rape, Physical Violence, and Stalking Victimization by an Intimate Partner Among U.S. Women (NIPSVS, 2010) | |
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Estimates of Repeat Victimization or Assault | |
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A Context-Sensitive Aggression Scale | |
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Miscellaneous Facts | |
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VAWA Protections of Abused Women and Children | |
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Gendered Pattern of Injuries of Intimates | |
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General Learning Information | |
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Understanding Divergence in Research Findings | |
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Learning Research | |
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Classical Conditioning: Pavlov and His Dog | |
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Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery | |
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Operant Conditioning: Skinner and His Rat | |
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Reinforcement | |
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Definitions | |
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Additional Facts About Reinforcement | |
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Punishment | |
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Definitions | |
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Additional Facts About Punishment | |
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Specific Learning Experiments | |
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The Use of Both Punishment and Reinforcement in Humans | |
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Conflict in Animals | |
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Punishment as a Discriminative Cue for Reinforcement | |
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Punishment-Facilitated Attachment | |
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Extinction Failure: Responses Fixated Through Punishment | |
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The Gradual Buildup of Punishment | |
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Matching Behavior | |
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Stress | |
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Predictable and Unpredictable Shock | |
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Signaled Avoidance: Use of a Warning Signal | |
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Nonsignaled Avoidance: The Use of Temporal Cues to Know When to Make an Avoidance Response | |
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A Warning Signal Generates Fear | |
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Motivation Following Frustration by Nonreward | |
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Frustration and Its Consequences | |
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Learned Helplessness in Dogs | |
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References | |
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Index | |
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About the Authors | |