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| Preface | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Fundamentals and Environment of the Voluntary Sector | |
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| What Is the Nonprofit Sector? | |
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| Nonprofits and Public Problems | |
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| What Is a Nonprofit? | |
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| Public Charities | |
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| Other 501(c) Nonprofits | |
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| Foundations | |
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| Classification of Nonprofits | |
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| Scope and Function of the Nonprofit Sector | |
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| Growth of the Nonprofit Sector | |
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| Economic Impact of Nonprofits | |
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| Philanthropy and Policy Solutions | |
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| Public Problems and the Policy Process | |
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| Stages of the Policy Process | |
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| Collaboration | |
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| Our Approach | |
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| Questions for Review | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Web Resources | |
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| Federalism and the Relationships between the Public, Nonprofit, and For-Profit Sectors | |
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| The U.S. Federal System and Its Relationship with Nonprofit Organizations | |
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| Nonprofit Federalism | |
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| The Three Sectors | |
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| Characteristics of the Three Sectors | |
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| Intersectorality and Welfare Policy | |
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| Faith-Based Organizations | |
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| Not-for-Profit Organizations as Government Contractors | |
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| Intersectoral Competition | |
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| Intersectoral Collaboration | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions for Review | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Web Resources | |
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| Theories of the Nonprofit Sector and Policy Change | |
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| Theories of the Nonprofit Sector | |
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| Demand-Side Theories: Nonprofits Form to Respond to Unmet Needs | |
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| Supply-Side Approach: Personal Interests and Resources Drive the Development of Nonprofits | |
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| Demand and Supply: Instrumental vs. Expressive Rationales | |
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| Nonprofits and Public Policy: Functional and Legislative Theories of Federalism | |
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| Theories of Policy Change | |
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| Punctuated-Equilibrium Theory: Explaining Non-Incremental Policy Change | |
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| Multiple Streams Theory: Coupling Problems, Policies, and Politics for Change | |
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| Stages of the Process as Venues for Policy Change | |
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| Policy Change in the States | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions for Review | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Web Resources | |
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| Regulating Not-for-Profit Organizations | |
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| Regulatory Policy Increasingly Affects Nonprofits | |
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| Nonprofits Subject to Federal Government Regulation | |
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| Rules and Regulations of the Internal Revenue Service | |
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| Lobbying: IRS and Supreme Court Action Regarding Nonprofits' Political Activity | |
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| Congressional Oversight and Legislation Directly Affect Nonprofit Action | |
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| State Regulation: Offices of the Secretary of State and Attorney General | |
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| Board Members and the Duty of Care | |
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| Donor-Imposed Restrictions on Gifts | |
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| Regulation of Charitable Solicitations by the States | |
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| Indirect Regulation: Courts and Contracts | |
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| Government Grants and Contract Compliance | |
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| Regulation through the Courts | |
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| Self-Regulation in the Voluntary Sector | |
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| Watchdog Groups as Sector Regulators | |
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| Using Accreditation to Enforce Standards and Best Practices | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions for Review | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Web Resources | |
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| Strategies of Not-For-Profit Organizations | |
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| The Role of Mission and Strategic Management | |
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| The Mission: Critical for Nonprofit Success | |
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| Organizational Values and the Role of Stakeholders | |
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| The Role of Leadership in Planning and Meeting Needs | |
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| Managing the Mission | |
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| The Nonprofit Mission and Change | |
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| The Importance of the Mission Statement | |
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| Organizational Vision | |
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| Strategic Planning and Management | |
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| Organizational Goals | |
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| Organizational Accounting | |
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| Systematic Planning | |
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| Measuring and Evaluating Outcomes | |
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| Learning from Evaluation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions for Review | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Web Resources | |
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| Lobbying and Advocacy: Politics, Policy, and Possibilities | |
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| Articulating the Nonprofit Voice within Governmental Constraints | |
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| Nonprofit Advocacy Can Shape the Policy Environment | |
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| The Importance of Advocacy in Pursuit of Mission | |
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| What Is "Lobbying?" | |
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| Myths about Nonprofits and Lobbying | |
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| Lobbying Allowable under the Law | |
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| Limits on Lobbying: The "Substantial Part Test" and 501(h) | |
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| Other Options: 501(c)(4) Affiliation and Professional Lobbyists | |
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| Public Policy Advocacy and Foundations | |
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| Shaping Policy, Strengthening Community | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions for Review | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Web Resources | |
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| Ethics and Accountability | |
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| Developing Organizational Commitment to Ethics and Accountability | |
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| Defining Ethics | |
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| Transparency Combats Corruption, Inhibits Compromise, and Affects Policy | |
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| The Importance of Accountability | |
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| Fostering a Strong Ethical Culture | |
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| System of Accountability: Influences on Nonprofit Behavior | |
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| External Constraints on Nonprofits | |
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| Internal Measures Exercised by Nonprofits | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions for Review | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Web Resources | |
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| Marketing the Nonprofit Organization | |
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| Marketing Basics | |
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| General Marketing Principles and Techniques | |
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| Marketing in a Nonprofit Environment | |
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| The Importance of a Marketing Plan | |
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| Identifying the Nonprofit's Target Audience | |
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| Differentiating the Nonprofit through Positioning | |
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| Developing the Nonprofit's Brand Identity | |
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| Corporate Social Responsibility as a Source of Nonprofit Support | |
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| Nonprofit Fundraising Events and Corporate Sponsorship | |
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| Benefits and Risks of Product Endorsements and Licensing Agreements | |
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| Cause-Related Marketing | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions for Review | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Web Resources | |
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| Resource Development: Capacity, Campaigns, and Commercial Ventures | |
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| Fiscal Health and Capacity | |
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| Nonprofit Sustainability | |
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| Resource Dependence and Revenue Diversification | |
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| Sources of Revenue and Their Relation to Mission | |
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| Earned Income as a Stable Source of Revenue | |
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| Commercial Ventures: Bake Sales to Thrift Shops | |
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| Social Enterprises: Market Principles for Social Aims | |
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| The Role of Corporate Giving and Sponsorship | |
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| Why Corporations Give | |
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| The Influence of Corporate Philanthropy | |
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| Individual Contributions and Fundraising | |
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| Using Electronic Media to Solicit Contributions | |
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| The Gift of Giving | |
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| Special Events Fundraising | |
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| Endowments Promote Long-Term Viability | |
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| Legal Restrictions on Endowments | |
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| The Policy Implications of Charitable Giving | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions for Review | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Web Resources | |
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| Resource Development: Grants | |
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| The Role of Grants in the Nonprofit Sector | |
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| Types of Grants | |
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| Project or Program Grants | |
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| Operating Grants | |
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| Seed Money | |
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| Challenge/Matching Grants | |
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| Government Grants and Fee-for-Service Contracts | |
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| Distribution of Government Grants | |
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| Public Goods and Services via Government Contracts | |
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| Foundation Funding | |
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| Types of Foundations | |
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| Preparing a Grant Proposal | |
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| Getting Started | |
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| Budget and Project Narratives | |
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| Submitting the Proposal | |
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| Public Policy Consequences of Grants and Contracts | |
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| Government Funding of Policy Priorities | |
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| Foundation Funding to Influence Policy | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions for Review | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Web Resources | |
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| Management Issues | |
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| Administration and Management | |
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| Managing Nonprofit Organizations | |
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| Organizational Structures and Behavior | |
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| Systems Theory and the Impact of Internal and External Pressures | |
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| Differing Management Needs across Sectors | |
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| Good Management in the Nonprofit Sector | |
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| Nonprofit Effectiveness and Efficiency | |
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| Organizational Reforms and the Quest for Improvement | |
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| Capacity Building and Successful Nonprofits | |
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| Organizational Reform Efforts and Management Challenges Unique to Nonprofits | |
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| Financial Management and Budgeting | |
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| Financial Issues Unique to Nonprofit Organizations | |
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| Investment Strategies | |
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| Nonprofit Budgeting: Roles and Responsibilities | |
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| Nonprofit Budgeting: Types of Budgets and Financial Statements | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions for Review | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Web Resources | |
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| Nonprofit Governance and Leadership | |
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| The Shared Responsibility of Nonprofit Governance and Leadership | |
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| Governance and Achieving the Mission of Nonprofit Organizations | |
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| Theories of Organizational Leadership | |
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| Boards and Executives as Leaders | |
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| The Relationship between Boards and Executives | |
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| Transfers in Executive Leadership | |
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| The Difference That Leadership Makes | |
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| Boards of Directors | |
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| Theories of Nonprofit Board Behavior | |
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| The Legal Environment of Nonprofit Boards | |
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| What We Know about Nonprofit Boards | |
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| Roles and Responsibilities of Board Members | |
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| Board Structure and Development | |
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| Best Practices for Boards | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions for Review | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Web Resources | |
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| Managing Human Resources: Volunteers and Staff | |
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| Management of Nonprofit Human Resources | |
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| Strategic Human Resource Management | |
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| Recruitment and Assessment | |
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| Motivating Nonprofit Employees | |
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| Performance | |
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| The Growth of Professionalism in Nonprofit Organizations | |
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| Volunteers and the Coproduction of Work | |
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| Volunteer Management | |
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| Who Volunteers? | |
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| Volunteer Recruitment | |
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| Volunteer Retention | |
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| Personnel Conflict and Dispute Resolution | |
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| Employment Law and Nonprofit Organizations | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Questions for Review | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Web Resources | |
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| Evaluating Success | |
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| Nonprofit Evaluation: Measuring Outcomes to Ensure Accountability | |
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| Why Do We Evaluate? | |