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| Tables and Figures | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction: Models of Democracy | |
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| Precursors to Modern Democratic Theory | |
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| Protective Democracy | |
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| Developmental Democracy | |
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| Pluralist Democracy | |
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| Participatory Democracy | |
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| The Models Compared | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| The First Challenge: Separation of Powers | |
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| The Founders' Work | |
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| The Jeffersonian Model | |
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| The Separation of Powers and Democratic Values | |
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| The Parliamentary Alternative | |
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| Meeting the Challenge: Bridging the Separation of Powers | |
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| Thought Questions | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Selected Websites | |
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| The Second Challenge: The Imperial Judiciary | |
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| The Least Democratic Branch | |
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| A Brief History of Judicial Review | |
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| Two Cases of Judicial Usurpation | |
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| Can Judicial Review Be Made Consistent With Democracy? | |
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| The Judicialization of American Politics as a Challenge to Democracy | |
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| Meeting the Challenge: Revitalize American Democracy | |
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| Thought Questions | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Selected Websites | |
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| The Third Challenge: Radical Individualism | |
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| Individualism in the American Tradition | |
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| American "Habits of the Heart" | |
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| The Flaws of Libertarianism | |
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| Our Pathological Politics of Rights and Interests | |
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| The Failed Opportunity to Build Community After 9/11 | |
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| Meeting the Challenge: Balancing Rights With Responsibilities | |
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| Thought Questions | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Selected Websites | |
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| The Fourth Challenge: Citizen Participation | |
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| Citizen Participation and Democratic Theory | |
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| Citizen Political Participation | |
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| Signs of Civic Disengagement | |
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| The New Citizen Activism | |
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| Participation as a Challenge to Democracy | |
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| Meeting the Challenge: More Participation, Not Less | |
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| Thought Questions | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Selected Websites | |
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| The Fifth Challenge: Elections Without the People's Voice | |
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| Equal Representation | |
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| Deliberation | |
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| Control | |
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| Meeting the Challenge: Reform Electoral institutions, Promote Democratic Deliberation | |
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| Thought Questions | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Selected Websites | |
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| The Sixth Challenge: The "Privileged Position" of Business | |
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| American Politics as Pluralist Heaven | |
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| Business: The Privileged Group | |
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| Why Business Privilege Is a Threat to Democracy | |
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| Objections to the Privileged-Position-of-Business Thesis | |
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| Meeting the Challenge: Democratic Action to Reduce Business Privilege | |
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| Thought Questions | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Selected Websites | |
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| The Seventh Challenge: Economic Inequality | |
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| Equality and Democratic Theory | |
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| The End of the American Dream? | |
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| Economic Inequality's Challenge to Democracy | |
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| Meeting the Challenge: Policies to Promote Equality | |
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| Thought Questions | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Selected Websites | |
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| The Eighth Challenge: The National Security State | |
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| The Burgeoning of the National Security State | |
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| Secrecy | |
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| Centralization | |
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| Repression | |
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| Distortion | |
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| Meeting the Challenge: Reform to Achieve True Security | |
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| Thought Questions | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Selected Websites | |
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| Notes | |
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| Index | |
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| About the Author | |