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| Reviewers | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Gross Anatomy of the Brain | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Divisions of the Brain | |
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| Atlas of the Brain and Brainstem | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Meninges | |
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| Ventricles | |
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| Cerebrospinal Fluid | |
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| Hydrocephalus | |
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| Meningitis | |
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| Herniation | |
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| Circumventricular Organs | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Blood Supply of the Central Nervous System | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Arteries of the Spinal Cord | |
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| Venous Drainage of the Spinal Cord | |
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| Arteries of the Brain | |
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| Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis) | |
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| Meningeal Arteries | |
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| Veins of the Brain | |
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| Venous Dural Sinuses | |
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| Angiography | |
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| Intracranial Hemorrhage | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Development of the Nervous System | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Overview | |
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| Development of the Neural Tube | |
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| Neural Crest | |
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| Placodes | |
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| Stages of Neural Tube Development | |
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| Spinal Cord (Medulla Spinalis) | |
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| Medulla oblongata (Myelencephalon) | |
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| Metencephalon | |
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| Mesencephalon (Midbrain) | |
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| Development of the Diencephalon, Optic Structures, and Hypophysis | |
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| Development of the Telencephalon | |
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| Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System 71 Review Test | |
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| Neurohistology | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Overview | |
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| Neurons | |
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| Neuroglia | |
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| Nerve Cell Degeneration and Regeneration | |
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| Axonal Transport | |
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| Capillaries of the Central Nervous System | |
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| Sensory Receptors | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Spinal Cord | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| External Morphology | |
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| Internal Morphology | |
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| Myotatic Reflex | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Tracts of the Spinal Cord | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Ascending Tracts | |
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| Descending Tracts | |
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| Integrative Pathways | |
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| Clinical Correlations | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Lesions of the Spinal Cord | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Lower Motor Neuron Lesions | |
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| Upper Motor Neuron Lesions (UMNs) | |
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| Sensory Pathway Lesions | |
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| Peripheral Nervous System Lesions | |
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| Combined Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Lesions | |
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| Combined Motor and Sensory Lesions | |
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| Intervertebral Disk Herniation | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Brainstem | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Medulla Oblongata (Myelencephalon) | |
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| Pons | |
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| Mesencephalon (Midbrain) | |
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| Corticobulbar (Corticonuclear) Fibers | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Cranial Nerves | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Nervus Terminalis (NT; Cranial Nerve 0) | |
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| Olfactory Nerve (CN I) | |
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| Optic Nerve (CN II) | |
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| Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) | |
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| Trochlear Nerve (CN IV) | |
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| Trigeminal Nerve (CNV) | |
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| Abducent Nerve (CN VI) | |
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| Facial Nerve (CNVII) | |
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| Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII) | |
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| Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) | |
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| Vagal Nerve (CN X) | |
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| Accessory Nerve (CN XI) | |
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| Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII) | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Trigeminal System | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) | |
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| Ascending Trigeminothalamic Tracts | |
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| Trigeminal Sensory Nuclei | |
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| Trigeminocerebellar Fibers | |
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| Trigeminal Reflexes | |
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| Clinical Correlations | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Lesions of the Brainstem | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Vascular Lesions of the Medulla | |
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| Vascular Lesions of the Pons | |
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| Lesions of the Midbrain | |
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| Acoustic Neuroma (Schwannoma) | |
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| Intemuclear Ophthalmoplegia | |
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| Jugular Foramen (Vernet) Syndrome | |
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| Subclavian Steal Syndrome | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Diencephalon: Thalamus and Hypothalamus | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction: The Thalamus | |
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| Boundaries of the Thalamus | |
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| Primary Thalamic Nuclei and their Major Connections | |
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| Blood Supply of the Thalamus | |
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| Internal Capsule | |
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| Blood Supply of the Internal Capsule | |
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| Clinical Correlations | |
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| Overview: The Hypothalamus | |
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| Surface Anatomy of the Hypothalamus | |
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| Hypothalamic Regions and Nuclei | |
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| Major Hypothalamic Connections | |
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| Major Fiber Systems | |
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| Functional Considerations | |
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| Clinical Correlations | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Auditory System | |
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| Objectives | |
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| introduction | |
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| Outer, Middle, and Inner Ear | |
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| Auditory Pathway | |
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| Efferent Cochlear (Olivocochlear) Bundle | |
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| Hearing Defects | |
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| Tuning Fork Tests | |
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| Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (Baer) | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Vestibular System | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Labyrinth | |
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| Vestibular Pathways | |
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| Efferent Vestibular Connections | |
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| Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus | |
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| Vestibulo-Ocular Reflexes | |
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| Decerebrate and Decorticate Rigidity | |
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| Clinical Correlations | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Visual System | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Retina | |
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| Visual Pathway | |
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| Pupillary Light Reflexes and Pathway | |
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| Pupillary Dilation Pathway | |
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| The Convergence-Accommodation Reaction | |
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| Centers for Ocular Motility | |
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| Clinical Correlations | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Olfactory, Gustatory, and Limbic Systems | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Olfactory System | |
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| Gustatory System | |
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| Limbic System | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Basal Nuclei and the Extrapyramidal Motor System | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Basal Nuclei | |
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| Extrapyramidal Motor System | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Cerebellum | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Overview | |
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| Major Divisions of the Cerebellum | |
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| Cerebellar Cortex | |
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| Major Cerebellar Pathways | |
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| Cerebellar Dysfunction | |
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| Cerebellar Lesions | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Autonomous Nervous System | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Overview | |
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| Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System | |
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| Visceral Afferent Fibers and Pain | |
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| Autonomic Innervation of Selected Organs | |
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| Clinical Correlations | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Neurotransmitters and Pathways | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Acetylcholine | |
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| Dopamine | |
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| Norepinephrine (Noradrenalin) | |
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| Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) | |
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| Opioid Peptides | |
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| Nonopioid Neuropeptides | |
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| Amino Acids | |
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| Nitric Oxide | |
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| Functional and Clinical Correlations | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Cerebral Cortex | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Overview | |
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| Neocortex | |
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| Functional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex | |
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| Cerebral Dominance | |
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| Split-Brain Syndrome | |
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| Blood Supply to the Major Functional Cortical Areas | |
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| Apraxia | |
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| Aphasia | |
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| Dysprosodies | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Comprehensive Examination | |
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| Appendix: Table of Cranial Nerves | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |