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| Preface to Second Edition | |
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| Preface | |
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| Note to the Instructor | |
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| Phonetics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Phonetic Transcription | |
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| Description and Articulation of Sounds of English | |
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| The vocal tract | |
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| Voicing | |
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| Places of articulation | |
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| Manners of articulation | |
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| Voice onset time | |
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| Vowels and diphthongs | |
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| Additional Sounds | |
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| States of the glottis | |
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| Places and manners of articulation | |
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| Secondary articulations | |
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| Consonants made with non-pulmonic airstream mechanisms | |
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| Vowels | |
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| Cardinal Vowels | |
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| Syllables and Suprasegmentals | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Phonology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Complementary versus Overlapping Distribution | |
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| Overlapping distribution and contrast | |
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| Complementary distribution | |
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| Phonemic Analysis: A Mini-demo | |
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| Free Variation | |
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| Morphophonology | |
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| Practical Uses of Phonological Analysis | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| English Consonants | |
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| Stops | |
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| Fricatives | |
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| Affricates | |
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| Nasals | |
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| Approximants | |
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| Sociophonetic Variation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| English Vowels | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Vowel Set of American English | |
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| Phonetic properties of vowels | |
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| Tense-lax | |
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| Nasalized vowels | |
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| Length | |
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| Vowels before /$$$/ | |
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| Vowels before /l/ | |
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| Front Vowels | |
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| Central Vowels | |
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| Back Vowels | |
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| Diphthongs | |
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| Sociophonetic Variation | |
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| Non-US Varieties | |
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| Full Vowels-Reduced Vowels | |
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| Full (Strong) Forms versus Reduced (Weak) Forms of Function Words | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Acoustics of Vowels and Consonants | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Vowels | |
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| Diphthongs | |
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| Consonants | |
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| Stops | |
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| Fricatives | |
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| Affricates | |
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| Approximants | |
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| Nasals | |
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| Putting It Together | |
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| Context | |
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| Practical Applications: Some Examples | |
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| Summary | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Syllables | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Number of Syllables | |
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| Sonority | |
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| Syllabification | |
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| English Syllable Phonotactics | |
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| Single onsets | |
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| Double onsets | |
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| Triple onsets | |
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| Codas | |
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| Double codas | |
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| Triple codas | |
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| Written Syllabification | |
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| Syllable Weight and Ambisyllabicity | |
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| Practical Applications | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Stress and Intonation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Noun and Adjective Stress | |
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| Verb Stress | |
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| Secondary Stress | |
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| Affixes | |
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| Stress-bearing (attracting) suffixes | |
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| Stress-neutral suffixes | |
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| Stress-shifting (fixing) suffixes | |
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| Stress in Compounds | |
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| Differences between American and British English | |
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| Intonation | |
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| Variations among the Varieties | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Structural Factors in Second Language Phonology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Mini Contrastive Analyses | |
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| Spanish-English | |
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| Turkish-English | |
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| Greek-English | |
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| French-English | |
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| German-English | |
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| Arabic-English | |
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| Russian-English | |
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| Korean-English | |
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| Portuguese-English | |
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| Persian (Farsi)-English | |
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| Differential Treatment of Mismatches | |
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| Basic vs. derived context | |
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| Deflected contrast | |
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| Hypercontrast | |
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| Markedness | |
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| Ontogeny Phylogeny Model (OPM) | |
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| Optimality Theory (OT) | |
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| Perception | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Spelling and Pronunciation | |
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| Irregularity of English Spelling | |
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| Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondences in English | |
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| Consonants | |
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| Vowels | |
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| Morphological Basis of English Spelling | |
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| American English vs. British English | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Recommended Readings | |
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| Appendix: List of Sound Files | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |