Timothy L. Sellnow is a Professor Risk Communication in the Department of Communication at the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.Robert R. Ulmer is a Professor of Communication and Chair in the Department of Speech Communication at the University of Arkansas--Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas.Matthew Seeger is a Professor of Communication and Chair in the Department of Communication at Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.Robert S. Littlefield is a Professor Communication in he Department of Communication at North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota.