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| Preface | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is Aviation Psychology? | |
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| What Is Research? | |
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| Goals of Psychology | |
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| Models and Psychological Constructs | |
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| Human Performance Models | |
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| Development of Expertise | |
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| Models of Human Information Processing | |
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| Models of Accident Causation | |
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| Models of Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Research Methods and Statistics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Research Process | |
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| Literature Review and Research Questions | |
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| Research Problems | |
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| Variables | |
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| Descriptive Methods and Measurement | |
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| Psychological Tests | |
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| Classical Test Theory | |
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| Reliability | |
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| Validity | |
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| Test Norms and Cultural Adaptation | |
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| Questionnaires | |
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| Internet | |
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| Interview | |
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| Observation | |
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| Experiments, Quasi-Experiments, and Correlation Research | |
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| Experiments | |
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| Quasi-Experiments | |
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| Correlational Research | |
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| Statistics | |
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| Descriptive Statistics | |
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| Inferential Statistics | |
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| Type 1 and Type 2 Errors | |
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| Design and Validity | |
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| Statistical Validity | |
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| Internal Validity | |
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| Construct Validity | |
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| External Validity | |
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| Meta-Analysis | |
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| Literature Search and Coding of Articles | |
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| Statistical Sources of Error in Studies and Meta-Analysis Calculations | |
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| Meta-Analysis Example | |
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| Criticism of the Meta-Analysis Method | |
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| Research Ethics | |
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| Cheating and Fraud in Research | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Aviation Psychology, Human Factors, and the Design of Aviation Systems | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Types of Human Error | |
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| Human Characteristics and Design | |
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| Principles of Display Design | |
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| Principle of Information Need | |
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| Principle of Legibility | |
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| Principle of Display Integration/Proximity Compatibility Principle | |
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| Principle of Pictorial Realism | |
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| Principle of the Moving Part | |
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| Principle of Predictive Aiding | |
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| Principle of Discriminability: Status versus Command | |
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| System Design | |
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| Manpower | |
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| Personnel | |
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| Training | |
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| An Example: Design of the Fuel Gauge | |
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| Interacting with the System | |
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| Current Issues | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Personnel Selection | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Job Analysis | |
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| Job Analysis for Pilots and Air Traffic Controllers | |
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| A Critical Perspective on Job Analysis | |
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| Predictors and Criteria | |
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| Predictors in Selection | |
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| Criteria of Job Performance | |
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| How Can We Know That Predictors Work? | |
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| Meta-Analysis | |
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| When Can Test Validity Be Generalized? | |
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| Historical Overview | |
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| Pilot Selection | |
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| Selection of Air Traffic Controllers | |
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| How Well Do the Different Methods Work? | |
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| Personality and Job Performance | |
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| Computer-Based Testing | |
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| The Utility of Selection Methods | |
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| Fairness in Selection | |
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| Differential Predictive Validity | |
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| Applicant Reactions | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Training | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Training System Design | |
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| Analyze | |
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| Design | |
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| Develop | |
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| Implement | |
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| Evaluate | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Crew Resource Management | |
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| Generations of CRM | |
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| Evaluation of CRM Effectiveness | |
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| Simulator Training | |
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| Training Using Personal Computers | |
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| Recurrent Training and Skill Decay | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Stress, Human Reactions, and Performance | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Personality | |
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| What Is Stress? | |
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| Conflicts between Work and Private Life | |
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| Burnout and Engagement | |
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| Individual Differences and Stress | |
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| Consequences of Stress | |
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| Shift Work | |
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| Sleep | |
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| Health Implications | |
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| Accident Risk | |
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| Private Life | |
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| Jet Lag | |
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| How Can One Prevent Drowsiness? | |
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| Extreme Stress | |
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| Passenger Reactions | |
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| Fear of Flying | |
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| Symptoms | |
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| What Is There to Be Afraid of? | |
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| Treatment | |
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| The Pains and Pleasures of Air Travel | |
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| Unruly Passenger Behavior | |
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| What Is Air Rage? | |
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| How Frequently Does Air Rage Occur? | |
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| What Causes Air Rage and Unruly Behavior? | |
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| What Can Be Done to Prevent Air Rage? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Culture, Organizations, and Leadership | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Do Organizational Issues Play a Role in Accidents? | |
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| What Is Culture? | |
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| National Culture | |
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| Problems Relating to Study of Cultural Differences | |
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| Professional Culture | |
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| Organizational Culture | |
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| Safety Culture | |
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| What Characterizes a Sound Safety Culture? | |
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| How Does a Safety Culture Develop? | |
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| Studies of Safety Culture in Aviation | |
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| Women and Aviation | |
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| Attitudes toward Female Pilots | |
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| Reorganization and Adapting to New Working Conditions | |
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| Reactions to Organizational Changes | |
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| Downsizing | |
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| Psychological Contracts | |
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| Leadership | |
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| Three Leadership Types | |
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| Leadership and Safety | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Aviation Safety | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Accident Incidence | |
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| Causes of Accidents | |
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| Classification of Aircraft Accidents | |
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| Special Problems in Doing Research on Accidents | |
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| Is a Close Call Almost the Same as an Accident? | |
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| Out of the Air and into the Laboratory | |
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| Why Are Some Pilots Safer Than Others? | |
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| The Decision-Making Component of Accidents | |
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| Aeronautical Decision Making | |
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| Hazardous Attitudes | |
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| Locus of Control | |
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| Risk Perception and Risk Tolerance | |
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| Situation Awareness | |
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| Aviation Weather Encounters | |
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| Other Programs to Improve Safety | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| References | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Internet Resources for Pilots | |
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| Index | |