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| The Basics of the Short Essay | |
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| Prewriting | |
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| Getting Started (or Soup-Can Labels Can Be Fascinating) | |
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| Selecting a Subject | |
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| Finding Your Essay's Purpose and Focus | |
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| Pump-Primer Techniques | |
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| After You've Found Your Focus | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Discovering Your Audience | |
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| How to Identify Your Readers | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Keeping a Journal (Talking to Yourself Does Help) | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Thesis Statement | |
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| What Is a Thesis | |
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| What Does a "Working Thesis" Do | |
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| Can a "Working Thesis" Change | |
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| Guidelines for Writing a Good Thesis | |
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| Avoiding Common Errors in Thesis Statements | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Using the Essay Map | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Body Paragraphs | |
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| Planning the Body of Your Essay Composing the Body Paragraphs | |
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| The Topic Sentence | |
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| Focusing Your Topic Sentence | |
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| Placing Your Topic Sentence | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Applying What You've Learned to Your Writing | |
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| Paragraph Development | |
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| Paragraph Length | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Applying What You've Learned to Your Writing | |
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| Paragraph Unity | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Applying What You've Learned to Your Writing | |
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| Paragraph Coherence | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Paragraph Sequence | |
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| Transitions between Paragraphs | |
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| Applying What You've Learned to Your Writing | |
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| Summary | |
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| Beginnings and Endings | |
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| How to Write a Good Lead-in | |
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| Avoiding Errors in Lead-ins | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| How to Write a Good Concluding Paragraph | |
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| Avoiding Errors in Conclusions | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| How to Write a Good Title | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Applying What You've Learned to Your Writing | |
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| Summary | |
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| Drafting and Revising: Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking | |
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| What Is Revision | |
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| When Does Revision Occur | |
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| Myths about Revision | |
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| Can I Learn to Improve My Revision Skills | |
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| Preparing to Draft: Some Time-Saving Hints | |
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| Writing with Computers | |
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| Writing Centers, Computer Classrooms, and Electronic Networks | |
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| A Revision Process for Your Drafts | |
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| Revisingfor Purpose, Thesis, and Audience | |
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| Revising for Ideas and Evidence | |
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| Revising for Organization | |
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| Revising for Clarity and Style | |
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| Editingfor Errors | |
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| Proofreading | |
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| A Final Checklist for Your Essay | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Applying What You've Learned to Your Writing | |
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| Collaborative Activities: Group Work, Peer Revision Workshops, and Team Projects | |
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| Benefiting from Collaborative Activities Guidelines for Peer Revision Workshops Guidelines for Small-Group Work | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Some Last Advice: How to Play with Your Mental Blocks | |
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| Summary | |
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| Effective Sentences | |
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| Developing a Clear Style | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Developing a Concise Style | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Developing a Lively Style | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Developing an Emphatic Style | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Applying What You've Learned to Your Writing | |
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| Summary | |
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| Word Logic | |
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| Selecting the Correct Words | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Selecting the Best Words | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Applying What You've Learned to Your Writing | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Reading-Writing Connection | |
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| How Can Reading Well Help Me to Become a Better Writer | |
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| How Can I Become an Analytical Reader | |
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| Steps to Reading Well | |
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| Sample Annotated Essay: "Our Youth Should Serve." Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Writing a Summary | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Benefiting from Class Discussions | |
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| Summary | |
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| Part One Summary: The Basics of the Short Essay | |
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| Purposes, Modes, and Strategies | |
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| Exposition | |
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| The Strategies of Exposition | |
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| Strategy One: Development by Example | |
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| Developing Your Essay | |
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| Problems to Avoid | |
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| Essay Topics | |
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| A Topic Proposal for Your Essay | |
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| Sample Student Essay | |
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| Professional Essay: "So What's So Bad about Being So-So?" | |
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| The drive for perfection is preventing too many people from enjoying sports and hobbies, says author Lisa Wilson Strick (who proudly plays the piano badly but with great pleasure) | |
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| A Revision Worksheet | |
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| Reviewing Your Progress | |
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| Strategy Two: Development by Process Analysis | |
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| Developing Your Essay | |
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| Problems to Avoid | |
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| Essay Topics | |
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| A Topic Proposal for Your Essay | |
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| Sample Student Essay | |
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| Professional Essay (Informative Process): "To Bid the World Farewell." | |
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| By describing the embalming process in vivid, step-by-step detail, social critic and author Jessica Mitford questions the value--and necessity--of the entire procedure | |
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| Professional Essay (Directional Process): "Preparing for the Job Interview: Know Thyself." Career-search consultant Katy Piotrowski offers a thoughtful six-step procedure to help job-seekers plan for successful interviews | |
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| A Revision Worksheet | |
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| Reviewing Your Progress | |
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| Strategy Three: Development by Comparison and Contrast | |
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| Developing Your Essay | |
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| Which Pattern Should You Use | |
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| Problems to Avoid | |
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| Essay Topics | |
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| A Topic Proposal for Your Essay | |
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| Sample Student Essay (Point-by-Point Pattern) | |
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| Sample Student Essay (Block Pattern) | |
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| Professional Essay (Point-by-Point Pattern): "Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts." | |
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| Noted historian Bruce Catton compares and contrasts the two great generals of the Civil War, concluding that their roles at Appomattox made possible "a peace of reconciliation." | |
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| Professional Essay (Block Pattern): "Two Ways of Viewing the River." | |
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| A Revision Worksheet | |
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| A Special Kind of Comparison: The Analogy | |
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| Reviewing Your Progress | |
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| Strategy Four: Development by Definition | |
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| Why Do We Define | |
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| Developing Your Essay | |
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| Problems to Avoid | |
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| Essay Topics | |
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| A Topic Proposal for Your Essay | |
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| Sample Student Essay | |
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| Professional Essay: "The Munchausen Mystery." | |
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| A Revision Worksheet Reviewing Your Progress | |
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| Strategy Five: Development by Division and Classification | |
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| Division | |
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| Classification | |
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| Developing Your Essay | |
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| Problems to Avoid | |
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| Essay Topics A Topic Proposal for Your Essay | |
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| Sample Student Essay | |
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| Professional Essay (Classification): "The Plot against People." | |
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| Professional Essay (Division): "What is REALLY in a Hotdog And How Unhealthy are They?" A Revision Worksheet Reviewing Your Progress | |
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| Strategy Six: Development | |
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| Developing Your Essay | |
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| Problems to Avoid | |
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| Essay Topics A Topic Proposal for Your Essay | |
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| Sample Student Essay | |
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| Professional Essay: "Some Lessons from the Assembly Line." | |
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| A Revision Worksheet Reviewing Your Progress | |
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| Argumentation | |
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| Developing Your Essay | |
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| Problems to Avoid | |
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| Common Logical Fallacies | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Essay Topics | |
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| A Topic Proposal for Your Essay | |
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| Sample Student Essay | |
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| Professional Essays (Pro/Con): "Four is Not Enough" and "We Like the Four-day Week." | |
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| Analyzing Advertisements | |
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| Conflicting Positions: Gun Control | |
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| Competing Products: Sources of Energy | |
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| Popular Appeals: Spending Our Money | |
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| A Revision Worksheet | |
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| Reviewing Your Progress | |
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| Description | |
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| How to Write Effective Description | |
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| Problems to Avoid | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned: "Snake" | |
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| Assignment: "Birthday" | |
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| Essay Topics | |
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| A Topic Proposal for Your Essay | |
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| Sample Student Essay | |
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| Professional Essay: "Still Learning from My Mother." | |
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| A Revision Worksheet | |
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| Reviewing Your Progress | |
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| Narration | |
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| Writing the Effective Narrative Essay | |
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| Problems to Avoid | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned: "Tornado over Kansas" | |
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| Essay Topics | |
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| A Topic Proposal for Your Essay | |
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| Sample Student Essay | |
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| Professional Essay: "Salvation" | |
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| A Revision Worksheet | |
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| Reviewing Your Progress | |
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| Writing Essays Using Multiple Strategies | |
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| Choosing the Best Strategies | |
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| Problems to Avoid | |
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| Sample Student Essay | |
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| Professional Essay: "Don't Let Stereotypes Warp Your Judgments." | |
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| A Revision Worksheet Reviewing Your Progress | |
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| Special Assignments | |
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| Writing a Paper Using Research | |
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| Focusing Your Topic | |
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| Beginning Your Library Research | |
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| General Reference Works | |
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| Online Catalogs | |
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| Indexes | |
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| Databases | |
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| The Internet | |
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| Special Collections | |
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| Conducting Primary Research | |
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| The Personal Interview | |
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| The Questionnaire | |
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| Preparing a Working Bibliography | |
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| Choosing and Evaluating Your Sources | |
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| Preparing an Annotated Bibliography | |
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| Taking Notes | |
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| Distinguishing Paraphrase from Summary | |
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| Incorporating Your Source Material | |
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| Avoiding Plagiarism | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Choosing the Documentation Style for Your Essay | |
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| MLA Style | |
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| APA Style | |
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| Footnote and Bibliography Form | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Using Supplementary Notes | |
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| Sample Student Paper Using MLA Style | |
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| Student Sample Using APA Style | |
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| Writing in Class: Exams and "Response" Essays | |
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| Steps to Writing Well under Pressure | |
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| Problems to Avoid | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Writing the Summary-and-Response Essay | |
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| Sample Student Essay | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Writing about Literature | |
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| Using Literature in the Composition Classroom | |
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| Suggestions for Close Reading of Literature | |
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| Steps to Reading a Story | |
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| Annotated Story: "The Story of an Hour." | |
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| Sample Student Essay | |
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| Steps to Reading a Poem | |
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| Annotated Poem: "When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer." | |
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| Sample Student Essay | |
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| Guidelines for Writing about Literature | |
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| Problems to Avoid | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned (Stories): "Geraldo No Last Name" | |
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| "The Cask of Amontillado" | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned (Poems): "Those Winter Sundays" | |
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| "The Road Not Taken" | |
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| Suggestions for Writing | |
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| Writing about Visual Arts | |
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| Using Visual Arts in the Composition Classroom | |
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| Suggestions for Analyzing Paintings | |
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| Additional Advice about Sculpture and Photography | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Guidelines for Writing about Artworks | |
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| Problems to Avoid | |
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| Annotated Painting: Nighthawks | |
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| Sample Student Essay | |
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| Suggestions for Writing | |
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| Writing about Film | |
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| Using Film in the Composition Classroom | |
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| Guidelines for Writing about Film | |
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| Problems to Avoid | |
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| Sample Student Essay | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned: "Cinematic Riches in Millionaire" | |
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| Suggestions for Writing | |
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| Glossary of Film Terms | |
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| Writing in the World of Work | |
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| Composing Business Letters | |
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| Business Letter Format | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Sample Business Letter | |
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| Creating Memos | |
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| Sending Professional E-Mail | |
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| Problems to Avoid | |
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| Designing Cover Letters and R?sum?s | |
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| Critique Your Page Appeal | |
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| Problems to Avoid | |
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| Sample R?sum?s | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Preparing Interview Notes and Post-Interview Letters | |
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| A Concise Handbook | |
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| Parts of Speech | |
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| Sentence Parts and Classifications | |
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| Major Errors in Grammar | |
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| Errors with Verbs | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Errors with Nouns | |
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| Errors with Pronouns | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Errors with Adverbs and Adjectives | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Errors in Modifying Phrases | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Errors in Sentences | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| A Concise Guide to Punctuation | |
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| The Period | |
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| The Question Mark | |
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| The Exclamation Point | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| The Comma | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| The Semicolon | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| The Colon | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| The Apostrophe | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Quotation Marks | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Parentheses | |
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| Brackets | |
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| The Dash | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| The Hyphen | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Italics and Underlining | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Ellipsis Points | |
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| The Slash | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| A Concise Guide to Mechanics | |
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| Capitalization | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Numbers | |
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| Practicing What You've Learned | |
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| |
| Assignment | |
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| Spelling | |