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| History | |
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| History | |
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| History of Spine Instrumentation - The Modern Era | |
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| History of Spine Biomechanics | |
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| The Fundamentals | |
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| Differential Diagnosis of Surgical Disorders of the Spine | |
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| Functional Anatomy of the Spine | |
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| Muscular Support of the Spine | |
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| Anatomy and Physiology of Congenital Spinal Lesions | |
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| Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Acquired Spinal Disorders | |
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| Neural Injury at the Molecular Level | |
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| Pathophysiology of Cervical Myelopathy: Biomechanics and Deformative Stress | |
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| Anatomy of Nerve Root Compression, Nerve Root Tethering, and Spinal Instability | |
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| Physical and Neurological Examination | |
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| Intervertebral Disc Process of Degeneration: Physiology & Pathophysiology | |
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| Definition and Assessment of Dysfunctional Segmented Motion | |
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| Bone Modeling and Remodeling | |
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| The Biology of Spine Fusion | |
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| Spine Fusion: Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Bone-Bone Interface | |
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| Bone Void Fillers: Bone and Bone Substitutes | |
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| Osteointegration | |
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| Materials and Material Properties | |
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| Biomechanical Testing | |
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| Computational Modeling of the Spine | |
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| Intervertebral Disc: Anatomy, Physiology, and Aging | |
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| Intradiscal Pressure | |
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| Fundamentals of Spine Surgery | |
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| Preoperative and Surgical Planning for Avoiding Complications | |
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| Patient Selection for Spine Surgery | |
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| Masqueraders of Spinal Pathology | |
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| Data Management | |
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| Practical Anatomy and Fundamental Biomechanics | |
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| Applied Anatomy of the Cervical Spine | |
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| Applied Anatomy of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine | |
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| EXTRASPINAL Anatomy and Surgical Approaches and Exposures of the Vertebral Column | |
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| Occipital-Cervical Region | |
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| The Cervical Spine and Cervicothoracic Junction | |
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| Extraspinal Anatomy and Surgical Approaches to Thoracic Spnie | |
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| The Lumbar and Sacral Spine | |
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| Surgical Procedures | |
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| Decompression And Arthrodesis Of The Cervical Spine | |
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| Upper Cervical and Craniocervical Decompression | |
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| Upper Cervical and Occipitocervical Arthrodesis | |
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| Ventral and Ventrolateral Subaxial Decompression | |
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| Single and Multiple-Single Interbody Fusion Techniques | |
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| Threaded Cylindrical Interbody Cage Fixation for Cervical Spondylosis and OPLL | |
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| Cervical Interbody Strut Techniques | |
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| Interbody Cages | |
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| Cervical Laminectomy and Laminoforaminotomy | |
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| Cervical Skip Corpectomy | |
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| Cervical Laminoplasty | |
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| Interspinous, Laminar, and Facet Fusion | |
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| Combined Ventral-Dorsal Surgery | |
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| Percutaneous and Minimally Invasive Approaches to Decompression & Arthrodesis of the Cervical Spine | |
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| Decompression And Arthrodesis Of The Thoracic And Lumbar Spine | |
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| Ventral and Ventrolateral Spine Decompression and Fusion | |
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| The Lateral Extracavitary Approach to the Thoracolumbar Spine | |
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| Retropleural Approach to the Ventral Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spine | |
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| Laminotomy, Laminectomy, Laminoplasty, and Foraminotomy | |
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| Posterior and Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion | |
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| Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion | |
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| Lumbar Interbody Cages | |
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| Dorsal and Lateral Thoracic and Lumbar Fusion | |
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| Indication for Spine Fusion for Axial Pain | |
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| The Black Disc: Diagnosis and Treatment of Discogenic Back Pain | |
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| Percutaneous and Minimally Invasive Approahes to Decompression and Arthodesis of the Thoraco- Lumbar Spine | |
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| Thoracoscopic Corpectomy and Reconstruction | |
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| TRAUMA | |
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| Classification of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures | |
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| Trauma Surgery: Occipito-Cervical Junction | |
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| Subaxial Cervical Spine Injuries | |
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| Trauma Surgery: Cervical Spine | |
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| Trauma Surgery: Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Junction | |
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| Trauma Surgery: Lumbar and Sacral Fractures | |
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| Surgical Indications in Spine Trauma | |
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| Non-Operative Management and Treatment of Spinal Injuries | |
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| Medical Management of Adult and Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury | |
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| Spinal Injuries in Sports | |
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| Emerging Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury | |
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| Penetrating Spinal Cord Injuries | |
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| Timing of Surgery Following Spinal Cord Injury | |
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| Evaluation of the Cervical Spine After Trauma | |
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| Discectomy | |
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| Cervical Discectomy | |
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| Thoracic Discectomy | |
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| Lumbar Discectomy | |
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| Management of Soft Cervical Disc Herniation: Controversies and Complication Avoidance | |
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| Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation | |
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| Minimally Access and Percutaneous Lumbar Discectomy | |
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| Arthritides And Related Disorders | |
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| Cervical Spondylosis | |
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| Thoracic and Lumbar Spondylosis | |
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| Spondylolisthesis: Sagittal Plane Lumbar Spine Deformity Correction | |
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| Degenerative Rotatory Scoliosis: Three-Dimensional Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Deformity Correction | |
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| Rheumatoid Arthritis | |
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| Ankylosing Spondylitis and Related Disorders | |
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| Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament | |
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| Scheuermann's Disease | |
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| Spinal Deformity: Measuring, Defining, and Classifying | |
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| Deformity Correction Principles And Techniques | |
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| Spine Deformity and Correction: The Fundamentals | |
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| Craniocervical Junction Deformities | |
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| Subaxial Cervical Deformities | |
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| Cervical Facet Dislocations: A Ventral Surgical Strategy for Decompression, Reduction, and Stabilization | |
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| Kyphotic Cervical Deformity | |
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| Scoliotic Cervical Deformity | |
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| Adult Thoracic and Lumbar Deformities | |
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| An Approach for Treatment of Complex Adult Spinal Deformity | |
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| Deformity Surgery for Ankylosing Spondylitis | |
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| Pediatric Spinal Deformities and Deformity Correction | |
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| Tumors, Vascular Malformations, And Related Lesions | |
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| Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions | |
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| Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Lesions | |
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| Spinal Intradural Vascular Malformations | |
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| Spinal Dural Vascular Malformations | |
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| Cauda Equina Syndrome | |
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| Primary Bony Spinal Lesions | |
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| Spondylectomy for Spinal Tumors | |
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| Prognostic Factors, Surgical Outcomes, and Guidelines for Managing Metastatic Spinal Cancer | |
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| Staging, Classification, and Oncologic Approaches for Metastic Tumors Involving the Spine | |
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| Metabolic Bone Disease | |
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| Tumors at the Foramen Magnum: Regional Challenges | |
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| Cervio-Thoracic Junction Tumors: Regional Challenges | |
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| Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spinal Tumors: Regional Challenges | |
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| Sacral Tumors: Regional Challenges | |
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| Tarlov Cysts | |
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| Pediatric Spinal Surgery And Related Conditions | |
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| Occult Spinal Dysraphism and the Tethered Spinal Cord | |
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| Myelomeningocele and Associated Anomalies | |
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| Anterior Sacral Meningocele | |
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| Chiari Malformation and Syringomyelia | |
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| Chiari Malformation, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Fibromyalgia: A Paradigm for Care | |
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| Adjunctive Surgical Considerations | |
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| Omental Transposistion and Spine Surgery: Emphasis on Revascularization and Scar Prevention | |
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| Wound Closure | |
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| Bone Graft Harvesting | |
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| Vascularized Bone Grafts in Spinal Surgery | |
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| Pain and Spasticity | |
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| Minimally Invasive Spinal Decompression and Stabilization Techniques I | |
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| Minimally Invasive Spinal Decompression & Stabilization Techniques II: Thoracic and Lumbar Endoscopic Approaches | |
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| Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty | |
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| The Obese Patient | |
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| Spine Surgery - Smoking and the Spine | |
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| The Geriatric Patient | |
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| Surgery of the Sympathetic Nervous System | |
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| Arachnoiditis and Syringomyelia | |
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| Post-traumatic and Idiopathic Syringomyelia | |
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| Complications of Peripheral Nerve Surgery | |
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| Spinal Instrumentation | |
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| Basic Biomechanically Relevant Anatomy | |
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| Spinal Implant Attributes: Distraction, Compression, and Three-Point Bending | |
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| Implant Attributes: Cantilever Beam Fixation | |
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| Cervical Spine Fusion using Dynamic Ventral Cervical Plating | |
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| Cervical Spine Construct Design | |
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| Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Construct Design | |
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| Upper Cervical Screw Fixation Techniques | |
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| High Cervical and Occipitocervical Plate, Rod, Wire, and Bone Techniques | |
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| Ventral Subaxial Cervical Fixation Techniques | |
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| Subsidence and Dynamic Cervical Spine Stabilization | |
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| Ventral and Lateral Thoracic and Lumbar Fixation Techniques | |
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| Dorsal Subaxial Cervical Instrumentation Techniques | |
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| Dorsal Thoracic and Lumbar Screw Fixation and Pedicle Fixation Techniques | |
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| Dorsal Thoracic and Lumbar Simple Hook-Rod, Wire and Wire-Rod Techniques | |
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| Dorsal Thoracic and Lumbar Universal Spinal Instrumentation Techniques | |
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| Dorsal Thoracic and Lumbar Combined and Complex Techniques | |
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| Complex Lumbosacropelvic Fixation Techniques | |
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| Iatrogenic Spine Destabilization | |
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| Lumbar Facet Fixation Techniques | |
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| Para-coccygeal Trans-sacral Approach to the Lumbo-Sacral Junction for Interbody Fusion and Stabilization | |
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| Motion Preservation Strategies | |
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| To Not Operate | |
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| Motion Sparing, Non-Implant Surgery: (A) Cervical Spine; (B) Lumbar Spine | |
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| Adjacent Segment Degeneration & Disease of the Cervical and Lumbar Spine | |
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| Biomechanics of Motion Preservation Techniques | |
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| Cervical Total Disc Arthroplasty | |
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| Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty | |
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| Second Generation Total Disc Arthroplasty | |
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| Nuclear Replacement | |
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| Dorsal Dynamic Spine Stabilization | |
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| Artificial Facet Joint | |
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| Interspinous Bumpers | |
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| Total Disc Arthroplasty - Associated Complications | |
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| Explant Analysis of Wear, Degradation, and Fatigue in Motion Preserving Spinal Implants | |
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| Adjuncts To Surgery | |
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| Surgical Incisions, Positioning, and Retraction | |
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| Blood Loss | |
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| Imaging: Trauma | |
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| Degenerative Disease and Infection: Role of Imaging | |
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| Overview of Imaging Procedures Available for Spinal Diagnosis | |
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| Postoperative Imaging | |
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| Intraoperative Imaging | |
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| Stereotactic Radiosurgery for the Treatment of Spinal Metastases | |
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| Somatosensory Evoked Potential for Spinal Surgery | |
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| Electrodiagnostic Studies | |
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| Intraoperative Nonparalytic Monitoring | |
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| Nonsurgical Management | |
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| Anesthesia | |
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| Advances in Anesthesia for Spine Surgery and the Prevention of Complications | |
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| Perioperative Management | |
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| Medical Management of the Patient with Acute Spinal Cord Injury | |
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| Nutritional Care of the Spinal Cord Injured Patient | |
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| Skin and Wound Care | |
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| Spinal Traction | |
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| Orthoses: Complication Prevention and Management | |
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| Medical Management of Neck and Low Back Pain | |
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| Non-Operative Management of Neck and Back Pain | |
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| Psychosocial Aspects and Work-related Issues Regarding Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease | |
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| Interventional Non-Operative Management of Neck and Back Pain | |
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| Intradiscal Electrothermy | |
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| Specific Complications: Avoidance And Management | |
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| Neurologic Complications of Common Spinal Operations | |
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| Vascular and Soft-Tissue Complications | |
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| Postoperative Spinal Deformities | |
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| Arachnoiditis | |
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| Spine Infection | |
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| The Prevention of Operative Infections: An Evidence-based Approach | |
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| Medical Complications | |
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| Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula and Pseudomeningocele After Spine Surgery | |
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| Nonunion | |
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| Spinal Reoperations | |
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| Intraoperative Crisis Management in Spine Surgery: What to do When Things Go Bad | |
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| The Following Sections Will Only Be On-Line And Not In The Printed Text | |
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| Postscript | |
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| Ethical and Mediocolegal Aspects of Spinal Surgery | |
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| Conflicts of Interest and Conflict Management | |
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| Economics and Practice Management | |
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| The Rationale for Practice Hygiene: Coding, Reimbursement, and Nomenclature | |
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| Education of the Spine Surgeons | |
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| Education and Knowledge-Base Acquisition and Retention | |
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| The Art of the Clinical Trial | |
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| The Meaningful Retrospective Analysis | |
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| Art and Science of Guideline Formation | |
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| Controversies | |
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| Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion: To Plate or Not To Plate | |
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| To Not Plate | |
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| To Plate | |
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| Cervical Spondylosis with Minimal Myelopathy: To Decompress or Not To Decompress | |
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| To Decompress | |
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| Not To Decompress | |
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| Bilateral Locked Cervical Facets with Incomplete Myelopathy: Open Versus Closed Reduction | |
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| Open Reduction | |
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| Closed Reduction | |
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| Cervical Spine Fusion: Allograft Versus Autograft | |
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| Argument for Allograft | |
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| Argument for Autograft | |
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| Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures with Ventral Mass Lesion: Ventral Versus Dorsal | |
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| Operation | |
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| Ventral Decompression and Stabilization | |
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| Dorsal Decompression and Stabilization | |
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| Reoperation for Failed Spinal Fusion: Augmentation of Fusion with Spinal Stimulation | |
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| Argument Against Bone Growth Stimulator | |
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| Argument for Bone Growth Stimulator | |
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| Management of a Patient with Thoracolumbar Fracture with Complete Myelopathy and a 40� Kyphotic | |
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| Deformity: Operative or Recumbent Management | |
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| Operative Management | |
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| Recumbent Management | |
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| Management of Symptomatic Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression | |
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| Vertebroplasty | |
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| Kyphoplasty | |
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| Management of Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament | |
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| Cervical Laminoplasty - Open Door | |
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| Laminoplasty - French Door | |
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| Laminectomy | |
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| Ventral Approach: Smith-Robinson Approach | |
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| Ventral Approach: Open Window Corpectomy | |
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| Spondylotic Myelopathy with Cervical Kyphotic Deformity | |
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| Ventral Approach | |
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| Dorsal Approach | |
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| Combined Ventral and Dorsal Approach | |
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| Management of Cervical Disc Herniation | |
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| Dorsal Laminoforaminotomy Plus Discectomy | |
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| Ventral Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Allograft or BMP and Plating | |
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| Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Autograft and Without Plating | |
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| Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Artificial Disc | |
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| Management of a 45-year old with Mechanical Low Back Pain and with or without L4/5 Spondylolisthesis and No Neurological Findings | |
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| Non-Operative Management | |
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| Spinal Fusion - Ventral Approach | |
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| Spinal Fusion - Dorsal Approach | |
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| Spinal Fusion - Dorsal & Ventral Approach | |
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| Total Disc Arthroplasty | |
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| Nuclear Replacement | |
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| Management of Traumatic Unilateral Jumped Cervical Facet Joint Without Myelopathy | |
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| Closed Traction Reduction Then Surgery | |
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| Open Reduction | |
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| Management of Traumatic Bilateral Jumped Cervical Facet Joints in a Patient with Incomplete Myelopathy | |
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| Closed Traction Reduction Then Surgery | |
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| Open Reduction | |
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| Management of Traumatic Bilateral Jumped Cervical Facet Joints in a Patient with Complete Myelopathy | |
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| Closed Traction Reduction Then Surgery | |
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| Open Reduction | |
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| Timing of Decompression Surgery for Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in a Patient with an Incomplete Myelopathy | |
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| Postural Non-Operative Management | |
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| Emergent Surgery | |
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| Non-Emergent Surgery | |
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| Timing of Decompression Surgery for Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in a Patient with Complete Myelopathy | |
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| Postural Non-Operative Management | |
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| Emergent Surgery | |
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| Non-Emergent Surgery | |
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| Medical Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury | |
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| Administration of High-Dose Steroids | |
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| No Administration of Steroids | |
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| Traumatic Central Cord Syndrome | |
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| Early Surgery | |
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| Delayed Surgery | |
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| Cervical Disc Herniation with Radiculopathy | |
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| Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Interbody Fusion | |
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| Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Interbody Fusion with Plating | |
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| Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Artificial Disc Spacer | |
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| Anterior Cervical Discectomy without Fusion | |
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| (management of cervical disc herniation & cervical disc herniation with radiculopathy) | |
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| Laminoforaminotomy | |
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| Traumatic Assymtomatic Vertebral Artery Injury Secondary to Facet Fracture Dislocation | |
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| Do Nothing | |
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| Endovascular Management | |
| |
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| Medical (anticoagulation) Management | |
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| Lumbar Fusion versus Total Disc Arthroplasty for Mechanical Low Back Pain | |
| |
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| Fusion | |
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| Total Disc Arthroplasty | |