| |
| |
| Series Preface | |
| |
| |
| Foreword | |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| About the Author | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Misconduct Problem in Policing | |
| |
| |
| Historical Background | |
| |
| |
| Major Judicial Inquiries and Associated Corruption Cases | |
| |
| |
| Academic Research | |
| |
| |
| Notorious Cases | |
| |
| |
| The Irish Miscarriages of Justice Cases | |
| |
| |
| Ruby Ridge | |
| |
| |
| Abner Louima | |
| |
| |
| The Dutroux Affair | |
| |
| |
| Police Death Squads | |
| |
| |
| "Mafia Cops" | |
| |
| |
| The Problem of Ambiguity | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Understanding Police Misconduct | |
| |
| |
| Categorizing Police Misconduct | |
| |
| |
| Impacts | |
| |
| |
| Causes of Police Misconduct | |
| |
| |
| Structure | |
| |
| |
| Culture | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Setting Standards | |
| |
| |
| The Importance of Police Ethics | |
| |
| |
| Police Powers | |
| |
| |
| Police Legitimacy | |
| |
| |
| Police Legitimacy and Ethical Policing in Unequal or Nondemocratic Societies | |
| |
| |
| Constabulary Independence and the Separation of Powers | |
| |
| |
| The Role of Codes of Ethics | |
| |
| |
| Discretion | |
| |
| |
| Due Process, Including Deception and Entrapment | |
| |
| |
| Torture | |
| |
| |
| Graft | |
| |
| |
| Loyalty and Whistle-Blowing | |
| |
| |
| Gratuities | |
| |
| |
| Confidentiality | |
| |
| |
| Force | |
| |
| |
| Cooperation Between Policing Agencies | |
| |
| |
| Custody Requirements | |
| |
| |
| Striking and Moonlighting | |
| |
| |
| Personal Conduct | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measuring Misconduct and Integrity | |
| |
| |
| Inquiries | |
| |
| |
| The Press | |
| |
| |
| Citizen Action Groups and Integrated Methods | |
| |
| |
| Complaints and Discipline Data | |
| |
| |
| Surveys and Interviews | |
| |
| |
| Defendant Surveys | |
| |
| |
| Public Confidence Surveys | |
| |
| |
| Police Surveys | |
| |
| |
| Police Ethical Climate Surveys | |
| |
| |
| Legal Professionals | |
| |
| |
| Litigation | |
| |
| |
| Incident Data | |
| |
| |
| System Audits | |
| |
| |
| Integrity System Assessments | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Recruitment and Training | |
| |
| |
| Background | |
| |
| |
| Promotional Material | |
| |
| |
| Criminal History Checks | |
| |
| |
| Referees | |
| |
| |
| Panel Interviews | |
| |
| |
| Personality and Psychological Testing | |
| |
| |
| A Recruitment Integrity Committee | |
| |
| |
| Nondiscriminatory Recruitment, Affirmative Action, and Women Police | |
| |
| |
| Polygraph Testing | |
| |
| |
| Illicit-Drug Testing | |
| |
| |
| Home Visits | |
| |
| |
| Intelligence Checks on Associates | |
| |
| |
| Character Checking in Recruit Training and Probationary Programs | |
| |
| |
| Higher Recruitment Age | |
| |
| |
| Personal Financial Checking | |
| |
| |
| Recruit Training and Education in Ethics | |
| |
| |
| Higher Educational Standards | |
| |
| |
| In-Service Training and Education | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Advanced Complaints and Discipline System | |
| |
| |
| Background | |
| |
| |
| Complaints and Discipline | |
| |
| |
| Key Elements of an Advanced Complaints and Discipline System | |
| |
| |
| Discipline System | |
| |
| |
| A Professional Standards Unit | |
| |
| |
| Mandatory Police Reporting and Whistle-Blower Protection and Support | |
| |
| |
| Reception | |
| |
| |
| Case Assessment and Allocation | |
| |
| |
| Quality Investigations | |
| |
| |
| Final Outcomes | |
| |
| |
| Inquisitorial Methods and Administrative Authority | |
| |
| |
| Officer Rights | |
| |
| |
| A Disciplinary Matrix | |
| |
| |
| Alternative Responses | |
| |
| |
| Advanced Techniques | |
| |
| |
| Responding to Vexatious Complaints | |
| |
| |
| Quality Control | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Alternative Dispute Resolution | |
| |
| |
| The ADR Movement | |
| |
| |
| ADR for Complaints Against Police | |
| |
| |
| Mediation | |
| |
| |
| Informal Resolution | |
| |
| |
| Managerial Resolution | |
| |
| |
| Evaluations of ADR for Complaints Against Police | |
| |
| |
| Quality Control, Intelligence, and Behavioral Change | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| System Controls and Risk Management | |
| |
| |
| Background | |
| |
| |
| Strategic Intelligence | |
| |
| |
| Complaints | |
| |
| |
| Principles of Complaint Profiling and Early Intervention | |
| |
| |
| Individual Profiling: Some Case Studies | |
| |
| |
| The Victoria Police Early Intervention System | |
| |
| |
| Early Intervention: Unit Profiles | |
| |
| |
| Broader Risk Management and Threat Assessments | |
| |
| |
| High-Speed Pursuits | |
| |
| |
| Data Access Controls and Data Trails | |
| |
| |
| Informant Management | |
| |
| |
| Due Process in Investigations and Prosecutions | |
| |
| |
| Corruption Hazards and Rotation of Personnel | |
| |
| |
| Miscellaneous Areas of High Risk | |
| |
| |
| Raids | |
| |
| |
| Public Order Policing | |
| |
| |
| Theft of Property | |
| |
| |
| Intelligence Gathering for Investigations and Covert Operations | |
| |
| |
| Maintaining Momentum and Maximizing Yields | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Advanced Techniques | |
| |
| |
| Background | |
| |
| |
| Integrity Testing | |
| |
| |
| Targeted and Random Tests | |
| |
| |
| Legal and Ethical Issues | |
| |
| |
| Associated Issues | |
| |
| |
| Drug and Alcohol Testing | |
| |
| |
| Covert Surveillance | |
| |
| |
| Undercover Agents | |
| |
| |
| Financial Audits and Indirect Incapacitation Strategies | |
| |
| |
| Witness Protection Programs | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| External Oversight | |
| |
| |
| Background | |
| |
| |
| Stakeholder Perspectives | |
| |
| |
| Inquiries | |
| |
| |
| Oversight Agencies | |
| |
| |
| Complainants | |
| |
| |
| Police Perspectives | |
| |
| |
| Public Opinion | |
| |
| |
| Civil Liberties Groups | |
| |
| |
| Government Reviews | |
| |
| |
| The Performance of External Agencies | |
| |
| |
| A Model Oversight System | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Leadership for Integrity | |
| |
| |
| Background | |
| |
| |
| Types of Leadership | |
| |
| |
| Assessing the Impacts of Ethical Leadership | |
| |
| |
| Overcoming the Internal Cultural Divide | |
| |
| |
| Ethical Leadership and Integrity Mechanisms | |
| |
| |
| Selection and Education of Ethical Leaders | |
| |
| |
| Ethical Leadership and the Compstat Model | |
| |
| |
| Police Union Leaders | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Index | |