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| Preface | |
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| Soil Solid Phase | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Soil Phases | |
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| Soil Texture | |
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| Soil Mineralogy | |
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| Soil Structure | |
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| Summary | |
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| Derivations | |
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| Problems | |
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| Soil Water Content and Potential | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Energy and Work | |
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| Properties of Bulk Water | |
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| Properties of Water at Air and Solid Interfaces | |
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| Soil Water Content | |
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| Measuring Soil Water Content | |
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| Gravimetric Methods | |
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| Time Domain Reflectometry | |
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| Neutron Thermalization | |
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| Capacitance Devices | |
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| Soil Water Potential | |
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| Gravitational Component | |
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| Hydrostatic Component | |
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| Solute Component | |
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| Matric Component | |
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| Air Pressure Component | |
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| Total Soil Water Potential | |
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| Measuring Soil Water Potential Components | |
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| Tensiometers | |
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| Piezometers | |
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| Thermocouple Psychrometers | |
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| Heat Dissipation Sensors | |
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| Electrical Resistance Sensors | |
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| Tension Plates and Pressure Chambers | |
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| Tension Plates | |
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| Pressure Chambers | |
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| Pressure Chambers with Disturbed Samples | |
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| The Soil Water Retention Curve | |
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| Texture and Structure Effects | |
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| Plant Available Water | |
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| Hysteresis in the Soil Water Retention Curve | |
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| Soil Water Retention Curve Equations | |
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| RETC Program | |
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| Summary | |
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| Derivations | |
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| Capillary Rise Law | |
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| Hydraulic Capacity Function for van Genuchten Equation | |
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| Problems | |
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| Steady Water Flow in Soils | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Steady Flow in Saturated Soil | |
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| Poiseuille Equation | |
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| Darcy Equation | |
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| Saturated Flow Parameters | |
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| Flow Perpendicular to Layers | |
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| Flow Parallel to Layers | |
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| Flow to a Drain | |
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| Steady Flow in Unsaturated Soil | |
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| Buckingham-Darcy Equation | |
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| Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity | |
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| Macroscopic Capillary Length | |
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| Analytical Solutions for Steady Flow | |
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| Infiltration to a Water Table | |
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| Infiltration from a Ring | |
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| Infiltration from a Borehole | |
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| Measurements of Hydraulic Properties | |
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| Laboratory Methods | |
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| Field Methods | |
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| Pedotransfer Functions | |
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| Summary | |
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| Derivations | |
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| Poiseuille Equation | |
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| The Drainage Ellipse Equation | |
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| The van Genuchten K(S<sup>e</sup>) Function | |
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| Relationship between the Gardner Exponent and Macroscopic Capillary Length | |
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| Steady Infiltration to a Water Table | |
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| The Falling-Head Method | |
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| Problems | |
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| Heat Flow in Soils | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Surface Energy Balance | |
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| Steady Soil Heat Flux | |
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| Transient Soil Heat Flux | |
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| Heat Transport Equation | |
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| Analytical Solutions to the Heat Transport Equation | |
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| Numerical Solutions to the Heat Flow Equation | |
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| Soil Heat Flow with HYDRUS-1D | |
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| Summary | |
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| Derivations | |
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| Properties of the Laplace Transform | |
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| Laplace Transform Solution to the Heat Flow Equation | |
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| Properties of the Complementary Error Function | |
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| Problems | |
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| Transient Water Flow in Soils | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Transient Water Flow | |
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| The Richards Equation | |
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| Initial Conditions | |
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| Boundary Conditions | |
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| System-Independent Boundary Conditions | |
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| System-Dependent Boundary Conditions | |
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| Numerical Solutions to the Richards Equation | |
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| Infiltration | |
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| Infiltration into a Uniform Soil | |
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| Soil Crusts and Subsurface Layers | |
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| Infiltration Equations | |
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| Green-Ampt Equations | |
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| Curve Number Approach | |
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| Borehole Infiltration | |
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| Subsurface Irrigation | |
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| Redistribution | |
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| Evaporation | |
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| Transpiration | |
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| Preferential Flow | |
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| Macropores | |
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| Fingering and Funnel Flow | |
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| Capillary Barriers | |
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| Groundwater Recharge and Discharge | |
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| Inverse Solutions and Parameter Optimization | |
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| Summary | |
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| Derivations | |
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| Problems | |
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| Solute Transport | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Conservation and Flux Equations | |
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| Conservation Equation | |
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| Transport Processes | |
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| Advection | |
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| Diffusion | |
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| Hydrodynamic Dispersion | |
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| Advection Dispersion Equation | |
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| Analytical Solution | |
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| Breakthrough Curves | |
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| Pulse Inputs | |
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| Equilibrium Adsorption and the Advection Dispersion Equation | |
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| Linear Equilibrium Adsorption | |
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| Nonlinear Equilibrium Adsorption | |
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| Transformations and the Advection Dispersion Equation | |
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| Volatilization and the Advection Dispersion Equation | |
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| Flux vs. Resident Concentrations | |
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| Nonequilibrium Solute Transport | |
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| Physical Nonequilibrium | |
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| Chemical Nonequilibrium | |
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| Stochastic Advection Dispersion Equation | |
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| STANMOD and CXTFIT | |
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| Direct Mode | |
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| Inverse Mode and Parameter Optimization | |
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| Numerical Approaches for Solute Transport | |
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| Finite Difference Approach | |
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| Finite Element Approach | |
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| Stability and Oscillations | |
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| HYDRUS Examples of Solute Transport | |
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| Nonlinear Adsorption and Transport | |
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| Transport of Nitrogen Species | |
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| Parameter Optimization of Nitrogen Species Model | |
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| Solute Transport in the Capillary Fringe | |
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| Summary | |
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| Derivations | |
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| Laplace Transform Solution to ADE | |
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| Expected Value for the Lognormal Distribution | |
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| Numerical Dispersion | |
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| Problems | |
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| Appendix | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |