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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Introduction to Critical Thinking | |
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| Learning How You Think | |
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| Discovery Exercise | |
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| Experiencing How We Actually Think: An Exercise for the Whole Class to Complete Together | |
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| Learning from Sharing How We Think | |
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| What Is Critical Thinking? Comparisons to Creative Thinking | |
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| Diagram: Different Functions of Left and Right Brain | |
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| Why Learn Critical Thinking? The Habits of Critical Thinking | |
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| Box: Habits of a Critical Thinker | |
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| Box: The values of Critical Thinking | |
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| Chart: The Composition Sequence | |
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| Basics of Critical Thinking | |
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| Observation Skills: What''s Out There? Discovery Exercises | |
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| Comparing Our Perceptions | |
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| What Is Observing? Observing a Cube | |
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| Observation and Insight | |
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| Using Observation Skills to Develop New Knowledge Reading | |
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| Look at Your Fish, by Samuel H | |
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| Scudder | |
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| Core Discovery Writing Application | |
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| Observing the Familiar: Vegetables and Fruit | |
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| Evaluating Your Work by Using the Scoring Boxes | |
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| Alternate Core Discovery Writing Application | |
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| Observing the Unfamiliar: A Tool | |
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| The Observation Process: Sensing, Perceiving, Thinking | |
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| Barriers to Observation | |
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| How Discomfort Leads Us to Think | |
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| Diagram: A Choice for Thinking | |
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| The Rewards of Skilled Observation | |
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| Building Arguments | |
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| Observation Skills | |
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| Reading | |
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| The Innocent Eye, by Dorr Bothwell | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Chapter Quiz | |
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| Composition Writing Application | |
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| Survival as a Result of Observing: A Descriptive Narrative Essay | |
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| Reading | |
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| Desert Solitaire, by Edward Abbey | |
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| Optional Internet Research Assignment | |
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| Word Precision: How Do I Describe It? Discovery Exercise | |
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| Words Matching Senses | |
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| Reading | |
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| On Finding the Right Word | |
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| Discovery Exercise | |
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| Sorting Out Confusion about Dictionaries | |
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| How Well Do You Use Your Dictionary? Clear Thinking Depends on Clear Word Definitions | |
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| What Makes a Definition? Diagram: Definition Boundaries | |
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| Exercise | |
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| Word Boundaries | |
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| Kinds of Definitions | |
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| The Connotations of Words | |
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| vi Contents | |
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| The Importance of Defining Key Ideas | |
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| Word Concepts | |
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| Defining Reality | |
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| Defining Truth | |
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| What Is Critical Reading? Building Arguments | |
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| Word Choices | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Chapter Quiz | |
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| Composition Writing Application | |
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| A Short Essay of Definition | |
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| Box: Clustering | |
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| Readings | |
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| Modern Slavery by Kevin Bales | |
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| Fighting for Our Lives, by Deborah Tannen | |
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| Saved, by Malcolm X | |
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| Advanced Optional Writing Assignment | |
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| Optional Internet Research Assignment | |
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| Facts: What''s Real? Discovery Exercises | |
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| Beginning with the Word Fact | |
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| Learning to Recognize Facts | |
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| Verifying Facts | |
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| Facts and Reality | |
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| Facts Are Not Absolutes | |
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| Discerning Facts from Fiction | |
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| Feelings Can Be Facts | |
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| Facts and Social Pressure | |
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| Diagram: Standard and Comparison Lines in the Asch Experiment | |
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| Facts and Our Limited Senses | |
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| Reading | |
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| The Blind Men and the Elephant | |
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| Statements of Fact | |
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| Core Discovery Writing Application | |
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| Using a List of Facts to Describe a Photograph | |
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| Standards We Use to Determine Facts | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Chapter Quiz | |
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| Contents vii | |
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| Composition Writing Application | |
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| Writing a Short Fact-Finding Report | |
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| Reading | |
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| The Accident and Aftermath, by Hayden Herrera | |
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| Advanced Optional Writing Assignment | |
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| Language and Personal Power | |
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| Readings | |
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| Lies My Teacher Told Me | |
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| Loewen | |
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| Fast Food Nation, by Eric Schlosser | |
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| Building Arguments | |
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| Facts | |
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| Optional Internet Research Assignment | |
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| Inferences: What Follows? Discovery Exercise | |
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| Recognizing Inferential Thinking | |
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| Understanding the Words Infer and Inference | |
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| Discovery Exercises | |
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| Drawing Inferences from Evidence | |
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| Drawing Inferences from Facts | |
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| Distinguishing Inferences from Facts | |
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| How Inferences Can Go Right and Wrong | |
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| Reading | |
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| A Study in Scarlett, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle | |
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| Drawing Inferences from Careful Observation | |
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| Core Discovery Writing Application | |
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| Using Facts and Inferences to Describe a Photograph | |
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| Generalizations Are Inferences | |
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| Composition Writing Application | |
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| Writing a Paragraph from Facts, Inferences, and Generalizations | |
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| Core Discovery Writing Application | |
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| Analyzing the Use of Facts and Inferences in a Newspaper Article | |
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| Reading | |
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| Tougher Grading | |