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| What Is Language And How Do We Study It? | |
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| What is language? | |
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| Knowledge of Language | |
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| Our Language Expertise | |
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| Acquiring versus Learning a Language | |
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| Human Language and Animal Communication | |
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| Can Other Animals Learn Language? | |
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| Did you know . . .? | |
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| Rico, the Talking Border Collie | |
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| Two Case Studies: Washoe and Nim | |
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| What Is Grammar? | |
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| The Components of Grammar | |
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| What Is Grammatical? | |
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| Prescriptive and Descriptive Grammar | |
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| When Prescription and Description Overlap | |
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| Modification: Another Overlap | |
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| Grammar across Space and Time | |
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| Linguistics in the News: The Language Blog and Eggcorns | |
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| Universal Grammar | |
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| Parameters | |
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| Sign Language Grammar | |
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| Sign Language versus Body Language | |
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| Language Alive! Sign Language Diversity | |
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| The Scientific Study of Language | |
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| Noam Chomsky and Generative Grammar | |
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| Did you know . . . ? | |
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| Noam Chomsky | |
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| Influences on Modern Linguistics | |
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| Rationalism and Empiricism | |
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| Structural Linguistics | |
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| Linguistics Today | |
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| Accent on The Linguistic Society of America | |
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| Summary | |
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| Sources and Resources | |
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| Review, Practice, and Explore | |
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| The Human Capacity For Language | |
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| Our Capacity to Acquire Language | |
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| What Children's "Mistakes" Tell Us | |
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| Mouses and Foots: Overgeneralizing Rules | |
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| Language Alive! One Wug and Two . . . Wugs? | |
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| Evidence for Universal Grammar | |
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| Children Don't Learn by Analogy | |
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| Stages of First Language Acquisition | |
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| Prelinguistic Stage: The Early Months | |
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| Babbling Stage: 4-8 Months | |
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| Did You Know . . .? | |
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| How Do You Study an Infant? | |
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| The One-Word Stage (9-18 Months) | |
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| The Two-Word Stage: 18-24 Months | |
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| Language Alive! Hardwired for Words | |
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| Early Multiword Stage: 24-30 Months | |
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| Later Multiword Stage: 30 Months and Older | |
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| Did You Know . . .? | |
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| Baby Talk and Parentese | |
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| Did You Know . . .? | |
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| What about Baby Einstein? | |
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| A Critical Period for Language Acquisition? | |
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| Acquisition and Isolation: Victor and Genie | |
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| Sign Language Acquisition | |
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| Second Language Acquisition | |
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| Is It Learning or Acquisition? | |
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| Interlanguage Grammar | |
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| Social Aspects of Second Language Acquisition | |
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| Second Language Acquisition and Universal Grammar | |
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| Two Native Languages: Bilingualism | |
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| Misperceptions about Bilingualism | |
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| Our Capacity to Create Language | |
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| Pidgins and Creoles | |
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| Linguistics in the News: A Gene for Language? | |
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| Nicaraguan Sign Language | |
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| Language and the Brain | |
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| Language Intelligence? | |
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| Specific Language Impairment | |
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| Linguistic Savants | |
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| Williams Syndrome | |
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| A Language Center in the Brain? | |
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| Did You Know . . .? | |
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| Poor Phineas Gage | |
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| Broca's Aphasia | |
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| Wernicke's Aphasia | |
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| More Evidence for Lateralization | |
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| Dichotic Listening | |
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| Split-Brain Patients | |
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| Brain Imaging | |
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| Accent on Clinical Linguistics | |
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| Summary. | |
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| Sources and Resources | |
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| Review, Practice, and Explore | |
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| Phonetics: Describing Sounds | |
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| Sounds and Symbols | |
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| Phonemes | |
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| Consonants | |
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| Did You Know . . .? | |
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| Visible Speech | |
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| Voiced and Voiceless Consonants | |
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| Place of Articulation | |
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| Bilabial | |
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| Language Alive! A Disappearing Sound | |
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| Labiodental | |
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| Interdental | |
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| Alveolar | |
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| Palatal | |
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| Velar | |
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| Glottal | |
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| Linguistics in the News: Ladefoged, Pioneer in Phonetics | |
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| Manner of Articulation | |
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| Stops Fricatives | |
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| Language Alive! Why do we spell words with -ough? | |
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| Affricates | |
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| Nasals | |
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| Did You Know . . .? | |
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| Mom Is Bob? | |
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| Glides | |
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| Liquids | |
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| Language Alive! Forgotten Clusters | |
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| Why All These Distinctions? | |
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| Slips of the Tongue | |
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| Vowels | |
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| Language Alive! Do Dawn and Don Rhyme? | |
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| Diphthongs | |
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| Syllabic Consonants | |
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| Other Vowel Distinctions | |
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| Language Alive! Double Is Not Long Vowel Shifts | |
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| The Great Vowel Shift | |
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| The Northern Cities Chain Shift | |
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| The Southern Vowel Shift | |
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| Phonemes and Allophones | |
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| Accent on Product Naming | |
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| Summary | |
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| Sources and Resources | |
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| Review, Practice, and Explore | |
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| Phonology: The Sound Pattern Of language | |
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| Phonemes and Allophones | |
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| Did You Know . . .? | |
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| Babies Are Better at Language | |
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| Language Alive! Long-Lost English Allophones | |
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| Assimilation Rules | |
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| Vowel Nasalization | |
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| Alveolar Nasal Assimilation | |
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| Alveolar Stop Assimilation | |
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| Palatalization | |
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| Did You Know . . .? | |
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| Invented Spelling | |
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| Voicing Assimilation | |
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| Dissimilation Rules | |
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| Dissimilation of Liquid and Nasal Sounds | |
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| Dissimilation of Fricative Sounds | |
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| Insertion Rules | |
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| Insertion of Vowels | |
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| Insertion of Consonants | |
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| Insertion of Voiceless Stop | |
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| Insertion of /y/ | |
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| Deletion Rules | |
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| Language Alive! Where the Heck Is /h/? | |
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| Deletion of /r/ after Vowels | |
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| Deletion of Fricative Next to Fricative | |
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| Did You Know . . .? | |
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| Where Do You Get Tenashoes? | |
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| Deletion of Like Sounds or Syllables | |
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| Deletion of Consonant Clusters | |
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| Deletion of Syllable-Final-Consonant Clusters | |
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| Fronting Rules | |
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| Fronting of Velar Nasal to Alveolar Nasal | |
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| Fronting in Child Language | |
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| Fronting of /x/ | |
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| Exchange Rules | |
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| Exchanging /s/ and a Consonant | |
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| Language Alive! What's Wrong with Aks? | |
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| Exchanging /r/ and Vowel | |
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| Exchanging Syllable Onsets | |
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| Language Alive! "Going Nucular" | |
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| Stet | |
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| Mispronunciation is the topic | |
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| Multiple Rule Processes | |
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| Suprasegmentals | |
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| Syllables | |
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| Structure of the Syllable | |
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| Phonotactics | |
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| Children's Syllables | |
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| Syllable Structure Variety | |
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| Slips of the Tongue and Syllables | |
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| Stress | |
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| Linguistics in the News: Tone Languages and Perfect Pitch | |
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| Intonation | |
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| Did You Know . . .? | |
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| Abbish vs. Ubby Dubby | |
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| Accent on Linguistics and Reading | |
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| Summary | |
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| Sources and Resources | |
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| Review, Practice, and Explore | |
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| Morphology: Words And Their Parts | |
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| Morphemes and Meaning | |
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| Morphemes and Syllables | |
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| Recognizing Morphemes | |
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| Word Classes | |
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| Content Words | |
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| Function Words | |
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| Did You Know . . .? | |
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| Pooh on Pronouns | |
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| Word Classes and Our Mental Lexicon | |
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| Free and Bound Morphemes | |
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| Affixes | |
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| Language Alive! Embiggen His Soul! Roots | |
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| Language Alive! What about Cranapple? | |
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| Derivational AffixationLanguage Alive! Word-orama!Affixation and Our Mental Lexicon | |
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| Drawing Word Trees | |
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| Word Trees and Ambiguity | |
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| Inflectional Affixation | |
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| Linguistics in the News: Arkansas's Apostrophe | |
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| Inflectional Affixation of English Nouns | |
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| Number Case | |
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| Pronouns and Genitive Case | |
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| Language Alive! The Battle over Whom | |
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| Gender | |
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| Inflectional Affixation of English Verbs | |
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| Infinitives, Present Tense, and Past Tense | |
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| Present and Past Participles | |
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| Participles as Markers of Social Class | |
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| Suppletive Verbs and Adjectives | |
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| Language Alive! Ain't had it easy! Accent on Field Linguistics | |
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| Summary | |
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| Sources and Resources | |
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| Review, Practice, and Explore | |
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| Morphology: Typology And WORD FORMATION | |
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| Morphological Typology | |
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| Synthetic Languages | |
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| Did You Know . . . ? | |
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| Solid Roundish Objects and Mushy Matter | |
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| Analytic Languages | |
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| Mixed Typological Systems | |
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| Morphology of Other Languages | |
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| Word Formation Processes | |
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| Slang vs. New Words | |
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| Linguistics in the News: F*ing Brilliant! FCC Rulings on Profanity | |
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| Recent New Words | |
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| Did You Know . . .? | |
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| The Truth about Truthiness | |
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| Coining | |
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| Compounding | |
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| Eponyms | |
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| Blends | |
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| Conversions | |
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| Language Alive! Blimey! Acronyms | |
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| Language Alive! Ms | |
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| Clipping | |
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| Backformation | |
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| Reduplication | |
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| Accent on Lexicographers | |
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| Summary | |
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| Sources and Resources | |
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| Review, Practice, and Explore | |
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| Syntax: Heads And Phrases | |