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List of Figures, Tables, and Maps | |
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About the Authors | |
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Preface | |
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Introduction to Women in Politics | |
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Arguments for Women's Representation in Politics | |
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A Brief Overview of Women's Participation in Politics | |
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Orienting Theories | |
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Overview of the Book | |
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Women Struggle for the Vote: The History of Women's Suffrage | |
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Social Movement Concepts | |
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Suffrage in the United States | |
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Suffrage Movements Outside the United States | |
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The International Women's Movement | |
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Women's Suffrage After 1945 | |
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Women Exercising Their Vote | |
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Women Struggle for Representation: Accessing Positions of Power | |
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First Female Members of Parliament | |
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Women Access Parliaments: Patterns of Representation | |
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Women in Top Leadership Positions | |
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Women in Cabinet Positions | |
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Explaining the Political Representation of Women-Culture | |
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A Woman's Place in History: Women in Political Philosophy | |
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A Woman's Place Today: The Continuing Power of Culture | |
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Culture and Women's Representation in Politics | |
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Explaining the Political Representation of Women-Social Structure | |
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Money | |
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Time | |
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Civic Skills and Community Participation | |
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Education | |
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Work | |
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Economic Power | |
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Informal Networks | |
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Structural Arguments: The Evidence | |
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Explaining the Political Representation of Women-Polities | |
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Democracy | |
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Electoral Systems | |
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Characteristics of Political Parties | |
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From Candidate to Legislator | |
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Quotas | |
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Moving Up the Ladder: Women in Local Governance | |
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Putting It All Together: Democracy, Electoral Systems, and Quotas | |
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Explaining the Political Representation of Women-International Factors | |
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The International Women's Movement | |
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Does It Make a Difference? | |
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The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women | |
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Do Women Make a Difference? | |
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Thinking Differently: Women's Views on Women and Their Policy Priorities | |
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Acting Differently: Women's Voting Patterns and Bill Sponsorship | |
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Acting Successfully: Women's Legislative Effectiveness | |
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Legislating Differently: Women's Legislative Style | |
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Do Numbers Matter? Critical Mass and Women's Impact | |
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Women's Movements and Women's Policy Machinery as Alternate Sources of Influence | |
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Women From Marginalized Groups | |
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Thinking Intersectionally | |
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Double Barriers | |
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Strategic Opportunities | |
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Acknowledging Differences | |
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Regions: The West and the United States | |
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The Geography of Women in Politics | |
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Western Industrialized Countries | |
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Middle of the Pack: The United States | |
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Eastern Europe and Central Asia | |
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The Fall of the Soviet Union: Women Fall Too | |
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Variation in Recovery | |
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Explaining Women's Political Power Since 1990 | |
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Latin America and the Caribbean | |
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Cultural Barriers to Women in Politics in Latin America | |
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Democratization and Women's Political Empowerment | |
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Gender Quotas | |
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Middle East and North Africa | |
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An Overview and Brief History of the Region | |
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Changes Come to Women of the Arab Gulf | |
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Gender Quotas | |
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Women and the Arab Spring | |
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Asia and the Pacific | |
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East Asia | |
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Southeast Asia | |
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South Asia | |
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Oceania | |
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Sub-Saharan Africa | |
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Colonialism | |
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Women, Ethnicity, and Nationalism | |
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Armed Conflict: Devastation Yet Hope? | |
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Continuing Challenges | |
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Where Do We Go From Here? And How Do We Get There? | |
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Where Are We Now? | |
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Where Are We Going? | |
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How Do We Get There? | |
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In Conclusion: What Would a 50/50 World Look Like? | |
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References | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |