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Preface | |
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About the Authors | |
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Survey Practice | |
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What Is a Survey? | |
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The Combination of Disciplines | |
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The Social and Societal Context | |
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Ethical Treatment of Sample Members | |
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Approach and Overview | |
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Survey Error | |
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Types and Sources of Error | |
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Total Survey Error | |
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For More In-Depth Reading | |
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Planning the Survey: The Hierarchy of Decisions | |
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Setting the Primary Design Specifications | |
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The Stages of a Survey | |
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Example of a Time Schedule for a Study | |
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Responsive Design: An Alternative Planning and Implementation Framework | |
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Supplemental Reading | |
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Data Collection I: Selecting a Method | |
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Evaluating the Advantages and Disadvantages of Survey Methods | |
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Mail Surveys | |
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Internet Surveys | |
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Telephone Surveys | |
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Face-to-Face Surveys | |
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Intercept Surveys | |
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Methods of Administration: An Overview | |
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Combinations of Methods | |
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Emerging Technologies: Smartphones and Social Media | |
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A Framework for Incorporating New Interviewing Technologies | |
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Supplemental Reading | |
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For More In-Depth Reading | |
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Sampling I: Concepts of Representation and Sample Quality | |
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A Brief History of Sampling | |
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Concepts of Representation and Error | |
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Sampling Concepts | |
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Sampling Error and Sample Bias | |
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Probability Versus Nonprobability Samples | |
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Types of Probability Samples | |
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Calculating Sampling Probabilities | |
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Types of Nonprobability Samples | |
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Comparing Probability and Nonprobability Samples | |
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Guidelines for Good Sampling | |
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How Good Must the Sample Be? | |
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General Advice | |
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Supplemental Reading | |
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Sampling II: Population Definition and Sampling Frames | |
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Defining the Survey Population | |
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Framing the Population | |
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For More In-Depth Reading | |
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Sampling III: Sample Size and Sample Design | |
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Sampling Error Illustrated | |
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Confidence Interval Approach to Sample Size | |
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Power Analysis Approach to Sample Size | |
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Nonstatistical Approaches to Sample Size | |
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Stratified Sample Designs | |
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Cluster Sampling to Improve Cost-Effectiveness | |
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Computing Sampling Errors | |
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Additional Resources | |
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Methodology Appendix 1: Using Models in Sampling | |
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Questionnaire Development I: Measurement Error and Question Writing | |
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Measurement Error and Response Error | |
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A Model of the Response Process | |
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Response Task Problems | |
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Questionnaire Design as Process | |
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Factors in Questionnaire Development | |
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Writing Questions | |
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The Structure of Survey Questions | |
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The Use of Qualifiers in Survey Questions | |
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Response Categories | |
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Rating Scales | |
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Avoiding or Identifying Common Weaknesses in Survey Questions | |
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Supplemental Readings | |
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Questionnaire Development II: Questionnaire Structure | |
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Introducing the Survey | |
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What Questions Should the Questionnaire Begin With? | |
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Grouping Questions Into Sections | |
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Questionnaire Length and Respondent Burden | |
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Formatting Instruments for Multimode Data Collection | |
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Supplemental Reading | |
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Methodology Appendix 2: Questionnaire Evaluation Workshop | |
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Questionnaire Development III: Pretesting | |
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Objectives of Pretesting | |
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Types of Response Problems | |
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Samples for Pretests | |
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Pretesting Procedures | |
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Conventional Pretests and Interviewer Debriefings | |
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Postinterview Interviews | |
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Behavior Coding | |
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Cognitive Interviews | |
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Respondent Debriefing | |
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Expert Panel | |
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Assessing Interviewer Tasks | |
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Experimental Design for Question Evaluation | |
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Revising and Retesting | |
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Pilot Tests | |
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Some Last Advice | |
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For More In-Depth Reading | |
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Methodology Appendix 3: Cognitive Interviewing Workshop | |
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Data Collection II: Controlling Error in Data Collection | |
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Measures of Survey Quality | |
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Unit Nonresponse | |
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Recent Increases in Nonresponse | |
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Item Nonresponse | |
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Balancing Survey Goals and Ethical Obligations to Participants | |
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Controlling Error in Data Collection | |
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Interviewer-Administered Surveys | |
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Computer-Assisted Data Collection | |
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Minimizing Item Nonresponse | |
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Interviewer Effects | |
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Self-Administered Surveys: Mail and Internet | |
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Data Collection Costs and Contingencies: Planning for the Unexpected | |
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For More In-Depth Reading | |
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Methodology Appendix 4: An Overview of Organization Surveys | |
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Postsurvey Statistical Adjustments and the Methodology Report | |
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Nonresponse Bias | |
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Data Adjustments: Weighting and Imputation | |
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The Methodology Report | |
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Surveys in Other National and Cultural Contexts | |
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Supplemental Reading | |
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University of Maryland Undergraduate Student Survey | |
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Maryland Crime Survey | |
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AAPOR Code of Professional Ethics | |
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Internet Resources | |
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References | |
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Index | |