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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Introduction to Qualitative Communication Research | |
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Introduction: Working With (and Studying) Cops | |
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Four Paradigms and (Maybe) a Funeral: A Brief History of Qualitative Communication Research | |
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Feeling Corporate, Going Global: Two Trends in Qualitative Communication Research | |
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Looking Closer: The Conduct of Qualitative Research in Communication | |
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Applied Communication | |
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Group Communication | |
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Health Communication | |
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Intercultural Communication | |
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Interpersonal Communication | |
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Language and Social Interaction | |
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Media and Technology Studies | |
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Organizational Communication | |
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Performance Studies | |
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Rhetoric | |
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Strategic Communication | |
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Conclusion | |
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Theoretical Traditions and Qualitative Communication Research | |
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Qualitative Research and Communication Theory | |
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The Phenomenological Tradition | |
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The Sociocultural Tradition | |
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Ethnomethodology | |
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Symbolic Interactionism | |
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Social Constructionism | |
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Ethnography of Communication | |
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Structuration Theory | |
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Actor Network Theory | |
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The Critical Tradition | |
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Feminism | |
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Postcolonialism | |
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Critical Race Theory | |
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Cultural Studies | |
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Conclusion | |
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Design I: Planning Research Projects | |
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Introduction | |
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"My City, My Society, and My Life": Renee's Story | |
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Sources of Research Ideas | |
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Personal Experiences and Opportunities | |
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Theory and Research Literature | |
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Public Problems | |
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Funding Priorities | |
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Moving Toward a Commitment | |
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Evaluating the Scene | |
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Casing the Scene | |
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Assessing Feasibility | |
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Consulting Colleagues, Mentors, and Experts | |
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Developing Emic and Etic Perspectives | |
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Conclusion | |
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Design II: Implementing Research Projects | |
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Introduction | |
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Negotiating Access | |
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Gatekeepers | |
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Sponsors | |
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Telling a Research Story | |
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Clarifying the Involvement | |
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Exploratory Methods | |
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Sampling | |
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Sampling Units | |
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Sampling Strategies | |
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Sample Size | |
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Human Subject Protections | |
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Informed Consent | |
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Instruments | |
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Vulnerable Groups | |
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Data Security | |
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Textual Representation | |
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The Research Proposal | |
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Title | |
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Abstract or Executive Summary | |
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Rationale | |
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Conceptualization | |
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Research Questions | |
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Methodology, Protocol, and Logistics | |
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Analysis | |
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Schedule | |
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Conclusion | |
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Exercises | |
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Producing Data I: Participating, Observing, and Recording Social Action | |
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Introduction: Fieldwork, Ethnography, and Participant Observation | |
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Successful Participant Observation | |
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Tolerance for Marginality | |
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Embodiment | |
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Spontaneous Decision Making | |
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Being an Ethical Person | |
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Difference Matters | |
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Adapting Roles | |
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Roles Based on Degree of Participation | |
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Roles Based on Social Function | |
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Tactical Observing | |
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Who Are the Actors? | |
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How Is the Scene Set Up? | |
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How Do Initial Interactions Occur? | |
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How do Actors Claim Attention? | |
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Where and When Do Actors Interact? | |
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Which Events Are Significant? | |
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Writing Fieldnotes | |
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Scratch Notes and Headnotes | |
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Fieldnotes | |
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Fieldwork and Fieldnotes: An Exemplar | |
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Journals and Diaries | |
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New Media and Participant Observation | |
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Conclusion | |
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Exercises | |
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Producing Data II: Qualitative Interviewing | |
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Introduction | |
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Purposes of the Qualitative Interview | |
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Types of Interviews in Communication Research | |
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Ethnographic Interviews | |
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Informant Interviews | |
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Respondent Interviews | |
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Narrative Interviews | |
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Focus Group Interviews | |
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The Practices of Interviewing | |
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The Interview Context | |
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Recording Interviews | |
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Developing Rapport | |
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Listening | |
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Question Design and Use | |
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Interview Schedules and Interview Guides | |
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Nondirective Questions | |
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Directive Questions | |
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Finishing Up | |
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Transcribing Interviews | |
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Conclusion | |
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Exercises | |
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Producing Data III: Analyzing Material Culture and Documents | |
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Introduction | |
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Material Culture | |
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Material Culture in Qualitative Research | |
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Making Material Culture Visible | |
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Documents | |
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Documents in Qualitative Research | |
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Types of Documents | |
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Advantages of Document Analysis | |
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Conclusion | |
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Exercises | |
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Sensemaking: Qualitative Data Analysis and Interpretation | |
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Introduction | |
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Qualitative Data Analysis | |
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In-Process Writing | |
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Categories and Codes | |
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Coding Narratives | |
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Grounded Theory | |
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Coding Example: An Interview Text | |
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Coding Example: Invisible Disability in Families | |
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Leaving the Research Site | |
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Tools for Analysis | |
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Manual Methods | |
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Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) | |
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Interpretation | |
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Conceptual Devices in Interpretation | |
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Exemplars in Interpretation | |
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Evaluating Interpretations | |
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Triangulation, Disjuncture, and Crystallization | |
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Negative Case Analysis | |
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Member Validation | |
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Conclusion | |
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Exercises | |
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Writing, Authoring, and Publishing | |
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Introduction: Going Public | |
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The Crisis of Representation | |
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After the Fall: Reading and Writing Qualitative Research | |
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Voice | |
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Narrative Presence | |
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The Genre-Audience Nexus | |
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Institutional Contexts of Qualitative Writing | |
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Academic Politics | |
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Publishing Economics | |
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New Media | |
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The Craft of Qualitative Writing: Three Types of Format and Their Related Strategies | |
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Traditional Writing Format | |
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Alternative Writing Format | |
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Multimedia Writing Format | |
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Some Final Thoughts on Writing | |
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Exercises | |
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Epilogue | |
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References | |
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Author Index | |
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Subject Index | |
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About the Authors | |