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| Local Economic Development in a Global Market | |
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| How Economists View the World | |
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| Models and Assumptions | |
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| Individual Behavior and Utility Maximization | |
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| Ideological Perspectives on Market Operations | |
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| How Markets Work | |
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| Supply and Demand | |
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| Supply, Demand, and Efficiency | |
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| Markets Are Not Always Efficient | |
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| The Role of Profits | |
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| Economic Development Defined | |
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| Careers in LED | |
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| The Nature of Regions | |
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| Types of Regions | |
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| Local, National, and Global Economic Development | |
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| Business Location, Expansion, and Retention | |
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| Locational Factors | |
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| Inertia | |
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| Transportation Cost Minimizing Models | |
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| Production Costs | |
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| National Political Climate and Stability | |
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| Opportunity Creation | |
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| The Decision Making Process | |
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| Motivations | |
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| Practical Limitations on the Choice Process | |
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| Steps in the Corporate Site Selection Process | |
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| Changing Relative Importance of Locational Factors | |
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| Surveys of Location Factors | |
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| Survey Findings Past to Present | |
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| Conducting Business Retention and Expansion Programs | |
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| Markets, Urban Systems, and Local Development | |
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| Demand and Market Areas | |
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| Demand in a Spatial Setting | |
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| Competition for Markets | |
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| Threshold Demand and Range | |
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| Determinants of Market Size | |
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| The Urban Hierarchy and Urban System | |
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| Central Places | |
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| Goods and Services According to Urban Rank | |
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| Changing Urban Patterns | |
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| An Evaluation of the Central-Place Approach | |
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| Considerations Extraneous to Central-Place Theory | |
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| Transportation Costs | |
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| Market Overlap, Rate Absorption, and Price Discrimination | |
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| Product Differentiation | |
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| Agglomeration Economies | |
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| Institutional Factors | |
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| Non-employment Residential Locations and Commuting | |
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| Empirical Evidence | |
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| Globalization and Urban (City) Systems | |
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| How to Measure Areas of Influence | |
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| Survey Techniques | |
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| Reilly's Law of Retail Gravitation | |
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| Probabilistic Models | |
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| Retail Spending | |
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| An Example | |
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| Hinterland Expansion Strategies | |
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| Economic Interdependence and Local Structure | |
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| Agglomeration Economies | |
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| Internal Agglomeration Economies | |
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| Direct Sales Purchases Linkages | |
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| Localization Economies | |
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| Urbanization Economies | |
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| Recap | |
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| Cluster Analysis | |
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| Measures of Economic Structure | |
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| North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) | |
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| Location Quotients | |
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| Estimating Export Employment with Location Quotients | |
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| Surveys to Determine Export Activities | |
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| Coefficients of Specialization | |
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| Occupational Structure | |
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| Other Aspects of Regional Structure | |
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| Regional Growth and Development | |
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| Stages of Growth | |
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| Industrial Filtering (Life Cycle Model) | |
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| Adding New Work to Old | |
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| How Do Cities Move from One State to the Next? | |
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| Circular Flow Diagram | |
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| Elements of the Circular Flow Model | |
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| Equilibrium and Change | |
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| The Multiplier | |
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| The Export Base Theory of Growth | |
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| The Formal Income Model | |
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| How to Operationalize the Export Base Approach | |
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| Impact Studies and Export Base Forecasts | |
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| Critique of the Export-Base Approach | |
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| Primacy of Exports | |
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| Import Substitution | |
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| Productivity | |
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| Exports Not Always Exogenous | |
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| Small versus Large Regions | |
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| Feedbacks among Regions | |
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| Non-basic Activities May Not Increase | |
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| Long-Run Instability of the Multiplier | |
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| Excessive Aggregation | |
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| Supply-Side Approaches | |
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| Intermediate Inputs | |
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| Entrepreneurship | |
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| Capital | |
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| Land (Environmental Resources) | |
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| Labor | |
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| Supply and Demand Side Approaches: A Synthesis | |
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| Additional Tools for Regional Analysis | |
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| Shift and Share Analysis | |
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| An Application | |
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| Critique | |
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| Econometric and Simulation Models | |
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| Econometric Models | |
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| Caveats | |
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| Importance-Strength Analysis | |
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| Input-Output: Analysis | |
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| The Transactions Table | |
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| The Table of Direct Coefficients | |
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| The Table of Direct and Indirect Coefficients | |
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| Input-Output Applications | |
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| Institutionalist Perspectives on Local Development | |
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| External Benefits from Economic Development | |
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| Job and Income Creation | |
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| Fiscal Improvement | |
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| Physical Improvements | |
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| Who Benefits From Growth? | |
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| Characteristics of Resource Supply | |
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| Opponents of Growth | |
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| Subsidies, Competition and Economic Development | |
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| Is Local Economic Development a Zero Sum Game? | |
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| Inefficiency and Oversubsidization | |
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| Discretionary versus Entitlement Subsidies | |
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| Cost Minimization versus Human Capital Strategies | |
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| Social Capital and Economic Development | |
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| Generic Economic Problems and Social Capital | |
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| Ambiguous Reception of Social Capital | |
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| Social Capital and Local Development Strategies | |
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| Using Social Capital to Mitigate Economic Development Conflicts | |
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| Social Network Analysis: Getting the Right People to the Table | |
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| Targeting Development Efforts | |
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| Cluster-Based Economic Development | |
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| Local Economic Development in a Flattening World | |
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| Models of Trade and Resource Flows | |
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| Comparative Advantage | |
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| Resource Mobility | |
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| Economics of Migration | |
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| Retiree-Migrant Development Strategy | |
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| Mobility of Capital | |
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| Innovations and Ideas | |
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| Spatial Diffusion | |
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| Implications for Regional Development | |
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| Mobility and Development Policy | |
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| Jobs-to-People versus People-to-Jobs | |
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| Immigration and Urban Development | |
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| Land Use | |
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| What Gives Land Value? | |
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| Land Rents and Value | |
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| The Nature of Rent, Productivity and Access | |
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| Highest and Best Use | |
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| The Land Development Process | |
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| Developer Goals | |
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| The Market Study | |
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| Environmental Impact Statements | |
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| Profit Feasibility | |
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| The Development Decision | |
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| Implications of Financial Analysis for LED | |
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| Land-Use Patterns | |
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| The Monocentric City Model | |
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| The Desity Gradient | |
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| Roads and Axial Development | |
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| Agglomeration and the Multiple-Nuclear City | |
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| Speculation | |
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| Changing Land Use Patterns | |
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| Evaluating Metropolitan Spread (Urban Sprawl) | |
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| Land Use and Economic Development Tools | |
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| Zoning and Its Critics | |
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| Flexibility and Land Use Regulations | |
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| The Eminent Domain Controversy | |
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| Rights to Land and Economic Development | |
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| Housing and Neighborhood Development | |
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| Fundamentals of Housing Economics | |
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| Hedonic Pricing | |
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| Uncertainty, Market Imperfections, and Competition | |
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| Residential Location and Neighborhood Change | |
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| The Filtering-Down Theory | |
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| The Trade-Off Model | |
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| The Cultural Agglomeration Model | |
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| The Tiebout Model | |
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| The Aggregate Economic Fallout Model | |
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| Initiating and Perpetuating the Change Process | |
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| Housing Policy Issues | |
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| Rent Control versus Market Forces | |
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| Income Support versus Housing Assistance | |
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| Supply versus Demand Side Assistance | |
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| Ghetto Dispersal versus Ghetto Improvement | |
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| Dwelling-Unit versus Neighborhood Development | |
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| Linkage Between Local Housing and Global Financial Markets | |
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| Retail and Commercial Neighborhoods | |
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| The Social Economy of Neighborhoods | |
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| Community Development Corporations | |
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| Cooperatives | |
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| Community Gardens | |
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| Poverty and Lagging Regions | |
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| The Nature of Poverty | |
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| Conceptual Approaches | |
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| Demographics of Poverty | |
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| Spatial Concentrations of Urban Poverty | |
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| Regional Linkages: The Spread and Backwash Effects | |
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| Empirical Studies of Spatial Linkages | |
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| Spatial Linkages and Theories of Spatial Poverty | |
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| Policy Issues | |
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| Strengthening Linkages | |
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| Improving Productivity | |
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| Addressing Wage Rigidities | |
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| Employment Guarantee Schemes in India | |
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| Income Support | |
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| Local Governance, Finance, and Regional Integration | |
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| Spatial Perspectives on Government Functions | |
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| Distribution and the Race to the Bottom | |
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| Local Allocation | |
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| Public Transportation - An Example | |
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| Size and Scope of Local Governments | |
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| Economies and Diseconomies of Scale | |
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| Decision-Making Costs | |
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| Improving Government Efficiency | |
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| Using Prices and Fees | |
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| Local Taxation and Economic Development | |
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| Accountability | |
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| Intergovernmental Competition | |
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| Intergovernmental Grants and Coordination | |
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| Rearranging Functions | |
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| Privatization | |
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| Market Based Reforms in Education | |
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| Fiscal Impact and Benefit-Cost Studies | |
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| Fiscal Impact Studies | |
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| Benefit-Cost Analysis | |
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| Local Economic Development Planning | |
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| The Future and Local Development | |
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| Concern with Values and Attitudes | |
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| Technological Change | |
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| Systems Orientation | |
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| Importance of Timing | |
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| Planning Perspectives on Development Policy | |
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| The Planning Process | |
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| Limits of Planning | |
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| Planning and Future Studies Tools | |
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| Delphi Forecasting | |
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| Games | |
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| Scenarios | |
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| Environmental Scanning | |
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| About the Author | |