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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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The Role of Assets in Community-Based Development | |
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Whither Community? | |
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Growth Versus Development | |
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People Versus Place | |
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The Challenge of Regionalism | |
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Asset Building | |
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Public Participation | |
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The Role of Community-Based Organizations | |
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Models of Community Development | |
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Self-Help | |
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Technical Assistance | |
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Conflict | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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A History of Community Development in America | |
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The Evolution of Community Development | |
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The Progressive Era | |
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The New Deal | |
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Urban Renewal and Area Redevelopment | |
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The War on Poverty | |
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Retrenchment during the Nixon and Reagan Administrations | |
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The Clinton Years | |
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The Bush Administration | |
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Recurring Issues in Community Development | |
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Participation | |
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Race | |
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Gender | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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The Community Development Process | |
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Public Participation | |
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Community Organizing | |
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Community Visioning | |
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The Roots of Visioning: Context and History | |
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Comprehensive-Rational Planning | |
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Advocacy Planning | |
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Strategic Planning | |
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Charrettes | |
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Visioning | |
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Timing and Momentum | |
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Workshops | |
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Goals and Strategy Development | |
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Action Plan Development | |
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Monitor, Evaluate, Revise | |
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Community-Based Research | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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The Role of Community-Based Organizations | |
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Community Development Corporations | |
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Three Generations of CDCs | |
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Debates Over CDCs | |
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Local Development Corporations | |
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Organizational Structure of LDCs | |
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LDC Activities | |
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Outcomes and Impacts of LDC Activities | |
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Neighborhood Associations | |
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Community Youth Organizations | |
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Faith-Based Organizations | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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Human Capital and Workforce Development | |
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Workforce Development Issues | |
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Key Concepts and Debates | |
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CBOs and Workforce Development | |
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Context for Workforce Development | |
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Key Actors and Institutions | |
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Data on Local Labor Markets | |
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Developing Goals and Strategies | |
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Preparing the Future Workforce | |
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Sustaining the Workforce | |
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Upgrading the Workforce | |
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Expanding the Workforce | |
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Promoting Entrepreneurship | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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Social Capital: Building Trust, Norms and Networks | |
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Social Capital Definition and Issues | |
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Key Concepts and Debates | |
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CBOs and Social Capital | |
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Social Capital and Local Economic Development | |
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Assessing Social Capital | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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Physical Capital: The Role of Housing in Community Development | |
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Housing Issues | |
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The Problem | |
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Key Concepts and Debates | |
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The Debate over Affordable Housing | |
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The Federal Government Role in Housing | |
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The Role of CBOs in Housing Provision | |
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Models of Community-Based Housing Provision | |
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The Impact of CBOs | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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Financial Capital: Community Credit Institutions | |
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Financial Capital Issues | |
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Key Concepts and Debates | |
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Community Credit Institutions | |
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Context for Community Credit Institutions | |
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Key Actors and Institutions | |
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Community Economic Development Finance | |
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Assessing Local Credit Markets | |
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Strategies for Building Local Credit Markets | |
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Build CDFIs | |
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Pressure Local Credit Institutions to Serve Community | |
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Use Informal Credit Markets | |
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Identify External Sources of Credit | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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Environmental Capital: Controlling Land Development | |
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Forms of Environmental Capital | |
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Aesthetic Qualities/Scenic Resources | |
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Agricultural Land Resources | |
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Geographic Setting and Soils | |
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Human Health/Environmental Hazards | |
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Plant Communities | |
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Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat | |
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Surface Water Resources/Water Supply | |
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Groundwater/Water Supply | |
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Land Use and Environmental Capital | |
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Smart Growth and New Urbanism | |
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Brownfields | |
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The Roles of Government and the Market | |
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The Government | |
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The Market | |
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Community-Based Organizations | |
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What Is a Community Land Trust? | |
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What Do Land Trusts Do? | |
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Why Do People Choose to Use Land Trusts? | |
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Do Land Trusts Work? | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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Political Capital: Organizing for Power | |
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Key Concepts and Debates | |
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Methods | |
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Community-Based Organizations and Political Capital | |
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Power Models | |
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Information Models | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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Cultural Capital | |
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Cultural Capital Definition and Issues | |
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Key Concepts and Debates | |
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Culture and Place | |
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Government and CBOs in Cultural Capital | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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Community Sustainability | |
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What Is Community Sustainability? | |
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The History of Sustainability | |
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Measuring Sustainability | |
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Using Indicators | |
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CBOs and Sustainability | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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The Role of Community-Based Organizations in International Development | |
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Context for International Development | |
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Urbanization | |
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Poverty | |
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The Environment | |
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The Informal Sector | |
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Decentralization | |
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Globalization | |
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Concepts, Theories, and Debates | |
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The Aid Community: A Brief History | |
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Organizations Involved in International Development | |
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Nongovernment Organizations: Their Role at the Community Level | |
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NGO-Aid Relations | |
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NGO-Government Relations | |
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Models of NGOs | |
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What Do NGOs Do? | |
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Impact of NGOs | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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The Future of Community Development | |
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Limits to Community-Based Development | |
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Local Versus External Initiation of Community Development | |
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An Agenda for Promoting Community Development in America | |
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Build on Successes | |
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Create Spaces for Public Participation | |
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Provide Training for CBOs | |
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Form Regional CBO Consortiums/Networks | |
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Use Meaningful Public Participation | |
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Improve Diversity in Decision Making | |
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Summary and Conclusions | |
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Index | |
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About the Authors | |
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Use Meaningful Public Participation | |
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Improve Diversity in Decision-Making | |
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Conclusions | |
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About the Authors | |