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Principles and Concepts | |
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Economics, Institutions, and Development: A Global Perspective | |
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How the Other Half Live | |
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Economics and Development Studies | |
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Economies as Social Systems: The Need to Go Beyond Simple Economics | |
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What Do We Mean by Development? | |
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Comparative Economic Development | |
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Defining the Developing World | |
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Measuring Development for Quantitative Comparison across Countries | |
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Some Basic Indicators of Development | |
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Characteristics of the Developing World: Diversity within Commonality | |
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How Low-Income Countries Today Differ from Developed Countries in Their Earlier Stages | |
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Are Living Standards of Developing and Developed Nations Converging? | |
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Long-Run Causes of Comparative Development | |
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Classic Theories of Economic Growth and Development | |
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Classic Theories of Economic Development: Four Approaches | |
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Development as Growth and the Linear-Stages Theories | |
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Structural-Change Models | |
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The International-Dependence Revolution | |
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The Neoclassical Counterrevolution: Market Fundamentalism | |
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Classic Theories of Development: Reconciling Differences | |
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Contemporary Models of Development and Underdevelopment | |
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Underdevelopment as a Coordination Failure | |
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Multiple Equilibria: A Diagrammatic Approach | |
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Starting Economic Development: The Big Push | |
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Further Problems of Multiple Equilibria | |
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Kremer's O-Ring Theory of Economic Development | |
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The Hausmann-Rodrik-Velasco Growth Diagnostics Framework | |
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Problems and Policies: Domestic | |
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Poverty, Inequality, and Development | |
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Measuring Inequality and Poverty | |
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Poverty, Inequality, and Social Welfare | |
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Absolute Poverty: Extent and Magnitude | |
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Economic Characteristics of Poverty Groups | |
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The Range of Policy Options: Some Basic Considerations | |
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Summary and Conclusions: The Need for a Package of Policies | |
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Population Growth and Economic Development: Causes, Consequences, and Controversies | |
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The Basic Issue: Population Growth and the Quality of Life | |
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A Review of Numbers: Population Growth-Past, Present, and Future | |
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The Demographic Transition | |
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The Causes of High Fertility in Developing Countries: The Malthusian and Household Models | |
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The Consequences of High Fertility: Some Conflicting Opinions | |
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Goals and Objectives: Toward a Consensus | |
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Some Policy Approaches | |
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Urbanization and Rural-Urban Migration: Theory and Policy | |
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The Migration and Urbanization Dilemma | |
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The Role of Cities | |
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The Urban Giantism Problem | |
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The Urban Informal Sector | |
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Urban Unemployment | |
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Migration and Development | |
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Toward an Economic Theory of Rural-Urban Migration | |
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Summary and Conclusions: The Shape of a Comprehensive Migration and Employment Strategy | |
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Human Capital: Education and Health in Economic Development | |
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The Central Roles of Education and Health | |
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Education and Health as Joint Investments for Development | |
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Improving Health and Education: Why Increasing Income Is Not Sufficient | |
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Investing in Education and Health: The Human Capital Approach | |
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Child Labor | |
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The Gender Gap: Women and Education | |
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Educational Systems and Development | |
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Health Systems and Development | |
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Agricultural Transformation and Rural Development | |
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The Imperative of Agricultural Progress and Rural Development | |
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Agricultural Growth: Past Progress and Current Challenges | |
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The Structure of Agrarian Systems in the Developing World | |
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The Important Role of Women | |
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The Economics of Agricultural Development: Transition from Peasant Subsistence to Specialized Commercial Farming | |
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Toward a Strategy of Agricultural and Rural Development: Some Main Requirements | |
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The Environment and Development | |
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Economics and the Environment | |
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Environment and Development: The Basic Issues | |
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The Scope of Environmental Degradation: An Overview | |
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Rural Development and the Environment: A Tale of Two Villages | |
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Global Warming and Climate Change | |
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Traditional Economic Models of the Environment | |
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Urban Development and the Environment | |
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The Need for Policy Reform | |
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The Local and Global Costs of Rain Forest Destruction and Greenhouse Gases | |
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Policy Options in Developing and Developed Countries | |
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Development Policymaking and the Roles of Market, State, and Civil Society | |
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The Planning Mystique | |
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The Nature of Development Planning | |
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The Rationale for Development Planning | |
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The Planning Process: Some Basic Models | |
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Aggregate Growth Models: Projecting Macro Variables | |
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Multisector and Sectoral Projections | |
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Project Appraisal and Social Cost-Benefit Analysis | |
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Problems of Plan Implementation and Plan Failure | |
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Government Failure and the Resurgent Preference for Markets over Planning | |
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The Market Economy | |
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The "Washington Consensus" on the State in Development and Its Limitations | |
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Development Political Economy: Theories of Policy Formulation and Reform | |
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Trends in Governance and Reform | |
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Development Policy and the State: Concluding Observations | |
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Problems and Policies: International and Macro | |
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International Trade Theory and Development Strategy | |
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Globalization: An Introduction | |
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International Trade and Finance: Some Key Issues | |
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Five Basic Questions about Trade and Development | |
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The Terms of Trade and the Prebisch-Singer Thesis | |
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The Traditional Theory of International Trade | |
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The Critique of Traditional Free-Trade Theory in the Context of Developing-Country Experience | |
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Some Conclusions on Trade Theory and Economic Development Strategy | |
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Traditional Trade Strategies for Development: Export Promotion versus Import Substitution | |
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Trade Optimists and Trade Pessimists: Summarizing the Traditional Debate | |
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The Industrialization Strategy Approach to Export Policy | |
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Reconciling the Arguments: The Data and the Consensus | |
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South-South Trade and Economic Integration: Looking Outward and Inward | |
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Trade Policies of Developed Countries: The Need for Reform | |
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Balance of Payments, Developing-Country Debt, and the Macroeconomic Stabilization Controversy | |
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The Balance of Payments Account | |
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Financing and Reducing Payments Deficits | |
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The Debt Crisis of the 1980s | |
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Attempts at Alleviation: Macroeconomic Instability, IMF Stabilization Policies, and Their Critics | |
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"Odius Debt" tand its Prevention | |
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Resolution and Continued Vulnerabilities | |
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Foreign Finance, Investment, and Aid: Controversies and Opportunities | |
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The International Flow of Financial Resources | |
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Private Foreign Direct Investment and the Multinational Corporation | |
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Private Portfolio Investment: Boon or Bane for LDCs? | |
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The Role and Growth of Remittances | |
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Foreign Aid: The Development Assistance Debate | |
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Finance and Fiscal Policy for Development | |
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The Role of the Financial System | |
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The Road to Macroeconomic Stability | |
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Microfinance Institutions | |
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Reforming Financial Systems | |
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Fiscal Policy for Development | |
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Public Administration: The Scarcest Resource | |
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State-Owned Enterprises | |
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Military Expenditures and Economic Development | |
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Some Critical Issues for the Twenty-First Century | |
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Global Interdependence and the Growth of Developing-World Markets | |
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The Global Environment and the Developing World | |
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The Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa | |
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Globalization and International Financial Reform | |
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Concluding Remarks | |