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| Chronological Table of Contents | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sex and Gender | |
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| Gender History and Theory | |
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| Structure of the Book | |
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| The Origins of Patriarchy | |
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| The Family | |
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| Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (4000 BCE-600 BCE) | |
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| The Classical Cultures of China, India, and the Mediterranean (600 BCE-500 CE) | |
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| Africa, the Americas, and Southeast Asia in the Premodern Era (600 BCE-1600 CE) | |
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| Medieval and Early Modern Europe and the Mediterranean (500 CE-1600 CE) | |
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| The Colonial World (1500-1900) | |
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| The Industrial and Postindustrial World (1800-2010) | |
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| Economic Life | |
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| Foraging, Horticultural, and Herding Societies (20,000 BCE-1800 CE) | |
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| Agricultural Societies (7000 BCE-1800 CE) | |
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| Slavery (7000 BCE-1900 CE) | |
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| Capitalism and Industrialism (1500-2000) | |
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| Corporations, the State, and the Service Economy (1900-2010) | |
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| Ideas, Ideals, Norms, and Laws | |
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| The Nature and Roles of Men and Women | |
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| Binaries | |
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| Motherhood and Fatherhood | |
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| Ideologies, Norms, and Laws Prescribing Gender Inequity | |
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| Ideologies of Egalitarianism | |
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| Religion | |
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| Animism, Shamanism, and Paganism (from 40,000 BCE) | |
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| Written Religious in the Ancient Near East (from 3000 BCE) | |
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| Confucianism and Taoism (from 600 BCE) | |
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| Hinduism and Buddhism (from 600 BCE) | |
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| Christianity (from 30 CE) | |
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| Islam (from 600 CE) | |
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| Political Life | |
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| Kin Groups, Tribes, and Villages (from 10,000 BCE) | |
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| Hereditary Aristocracies (from 3000 BCE) | |
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| Warfare | |
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| Citizenship (500 BCE-1800 CE) | |
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| Women's Rights Movements (1800-2010) | |
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| Colonialism, Anticolonialism, and Postcolonialism (1500-2010) | |
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| Education and Culture | |
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| Classical and Postclassical Cultures (600 BCE-1450 CE) | |
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| The Renaissance (1400-1600) | |
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| Democracy, Modernity, and Literacy (1750-2010) | |
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| Sexuality | |
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| Classical Eurasia (600 BCE-600 CE) | |
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| The Americas (500 CE-1500 CE) | |
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| Third Genders | |
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| The Colonial World: Sex and Race (1500-1900) | |
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| Modern Sexuality in the West (1750-1950) | |
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| The Globalized World (1950-2010) | |
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| Afterword | |
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| Index | |