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| List of Plates | |
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| List of Figures | |
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| List of Genealogical Tables | |
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| Preface to the Third Edition | |
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| Preface to the Second Edition | |
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| Preface to the First Edition | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Sources for Roman History | |
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| Rome and the Mediterranean | |
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| The Origins of the Roman Miracle | |
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| From the Origins to the Empire | |
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| Italy before Rome | |
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| The Peoples of Primitive Italy | |
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| The Cultures of Primitive Italy | |
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| The East's Grip on the West | |
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| The Formation of Rome: From Romulus to the Tarquins | |
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| Latin and Sabine Kings | |
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| Etruscan Rome | |
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| The Religion of Archaic Rome | |
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| The Young Republic: The Fifth and Fourth Centuries bc | |
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| The Birth of the Republic | |
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| The Decemvirs and their Task | |
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| In Search of Equilibrium (449-312 bc) | |
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| The Republic's Institutions at the End of the Fourth Century | |
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| The Growth of the Republic: War and Conquest in the Third Century bc | |
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| Economy, Society, Army | |
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| The Conquest of Central and Southern Italy | |
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| The Hellenization of Art and Religion | |
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| The Punic Wars | |
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| Gladitorial Combat: Rise and Early Development | |
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| Consequences of Conquest: the Second Century bc | |
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| Roman Imperialism: The Grip of the West on the East | |
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| Roman Triumphs: Spectacles of Military Victory | |
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| The Economic, Social, and Political Consequences of the Conquests | |
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| Cultural and Spiritual Consequences | |
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| Crisis of the Republic: The First Century bc | |
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| Personal Ambitions and the Civil Wars | |
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| Spectacles in the Late Republic: Festivals, Celebrations, and Games | |
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| The End of the Republic: The Second Triumvirate: Toward a New Order | |
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| Rome, Master of the World | |
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| The Roman World in 31-28 bc | |
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| Actium and its Aftermath | |
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| Rome and Italy | |
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| The Provinces | |
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| Beyond the Frontiers | |
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| Augustus: The Birth of the Imperial Regime: 29 bc-ad 14 | |
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| The Formation of the Principate | |
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| The Emperor and his Entourage | |
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| A Hierarchy of Offices | |
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| The Army and its Conquests | |
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| The Administration of the Empire | |
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| Augustus: Showman and Gamesmaster of Rome | |
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| Religious Policy | |
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| The Succession | |
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| The Julio-Claudians: The System Under Stress, ad 14-68 | |
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| Four Personalities | |
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| Constants and Innovations | |
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| Development of the Administration | |
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| The Flavians: Consolidating the Imperial Order, ad 68-96 | |
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| Return of the Civil Wars? | |
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| The "Bourgeois" Empire of Vespasian and Titus | |
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| Domitian and Tyranny (ad 81-96) | |
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| A Developing Municipal Life and a Changing Society | |
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| The Antonine Empire, ad 96-192 | |
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| "Italo-Provincial" Emperors | |
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| Italy in Decline, the Provinces Expanding | |
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| Romanization | |
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| A Mediterranean Economy | |
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| The Army | |
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| Spectacles and the Roman Empire | |
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| Religious Life | |
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| The African and Syrian Emperors, ad 193-235 | |
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| The Crisis of 193-197 | |
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| Septimius Severus and his Sons | |
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| Macrinus, Elagabalus, Severus Alexander | |
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| Provincial Upsurge and the Orientalization of the Empire? | |
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| Another Roman World (Third to Fifth Century) | |
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| The Nature of the Times | |