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| List of Illustrations | |
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| List of Maps | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Elite Families | |
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| Lineages | |
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| Knighthood and Feuds | |
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| Political Alignments and Factions | |
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| Culture and Religion | |
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| The Popolo | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Guilds | |
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| Culture and Education: Notaries | |
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| Religion | |
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| Critique of Elite Misrule | |
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| Early Conflicts of Elite and Popolo | |
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| Before 1250 | |
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| Primo Popolo | |
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| Angevin Alliance | |
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| Priorate of the Guilds | |
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| Second Popolo and the Ordinances of Justice | |
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| Elite Resurgence: Black and White Guelfs | |
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| Domestic Economy and Merchant Empires to 1340 | |
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| Population: City and Contado | |
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| Textiles, Building, and Provisioning | |
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| Merchant Companies and the Mercanzia | |
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| Taxation and Public Finances | |
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| The Fourteenth-Century Dialogue of Power | |
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| Elite Dominance, 1310-40 | |
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| Crisis of the 1340s and the Third Popular Government | |
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| Funded Public Debt and Bankruptcies | |
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| Elite Recovery and Popular Reaction | |
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| War against the Church | |
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| Revolution and Realignment | |
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| Workers' Economic Conditions | |
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| The Ciompi Revolution | |
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| The Last Guild Government | |
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| Counterrevolution | |
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| Fear of the Working Classes | |
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| Consensus Politics | |
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| War, Territorial Expansion, and the Transformation of Political Discourse | |
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| First Visconti Wars | |
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| Territorial Dominion: The Conquest of Pisa | |
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| Civic Humanism | |
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| The Civic Family | |
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| Family and State in the Age of Consensus | |
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| The Family Imaginary | |
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| Households, Marriage, Dowries | |
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| Women, Property, Inheritance | |
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| Children, Hospitals, Charity | |
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| Policing Sodomy | |
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| Fateful Embrace: The Emergence of the Medici | |
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| A New Style of Leadership | |
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| Fiscal Crisis and the Catasto | |
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| Cosimo's Money and Friends | |
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| Showdown | |
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| The Medici and the Ottimati: A Partnership of Conflict Part I: Cosimo and Piero | |
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| Institutional Controls | |
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| External Supports: Papacy and Sforza Milan | |
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| Cosimo's Coup | |
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| The Ottimati Challenge Piero | |
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| The Luxury Economy and Art Patronage | |
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| Poverty and Wealth | |
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| Public and Private Patronage | |
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| Family Commemoration and Self-Fashioning | |
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| The Medici and the Ottimati: A Partnership of Conflict Part 2: Lorenzo | |
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| Lorenzo's Elders | |
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| Lorenzo's Volterra Massacre | |
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| Pazzi Conspiracy and War | |
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| The (Insecure) Prince in All but Name | |
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| Building a Dynasty | |
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| Reinventing the Republic | |
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| French Invasion and Expulsion of the Medici | |
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| The Great Council | |
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| Savonarola's Holy Republic | |
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| Domestic Discord and Dominion Crises | |
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| Soderini, Machiavelli's Militia, and Pisa | |
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| Papal Overlords | |
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| The Cardinal and a Controversial Marriage | |
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| Fall of the Republic and Return of the Medici | |
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| A Regime Adrift | |
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| Aristocratic and Popular Republicanisms | |
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| The Nascent Principate | |
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| The Last Republic and the Medici Duchy | |
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| Revolution | |
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| Siege | |
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| Imposition of a New Order | |
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| Ducal Government | |
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| Finances and Economy | |
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| Courtly and Cultural Discipline | |
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| Victor and Vanquished | |
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| Epilogue: Remembrance of Things Past | |
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| Index | |