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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Media in the Lives of Youth | |
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A Brief History of the Perceived Power of the Media | |
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Investigating Media Effects Across Development | |
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Media Ownership Across Development | |
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Media in the Home | |
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Media in the Bedroom | |
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Media Consumption Across Development | |
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Measuring Media Use | |
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Media Use During Infancy, Toddlerhood, and Early Childhood | |
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Media Consumption During Middle Childhood and Adolescence | |
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Why Youth Consume Media | |
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Uses and Gratifications Approach to Media Consumption | |
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Self-Determination Theory | |
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Additional Reasons for Media Consumption | |
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Developmental Points of Interest | |
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Media Effect Theories | |
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Socialization and Theory | |
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Hypodermic Needle or Magic Bullet Theory | |
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Excitation Transfer | |
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Cultivation Perspective | |
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Priming | |
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Social Learning and Social Cognitive Theory | |
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Social Learning Theory | |
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Social Cognitive Theory | |
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Script Theory | |
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Universal Media Model | |
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Developmental Points of Interest | |
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Media and Academic Effects | |
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Is Media Consumption Detrimental to Academic Achievement? | |
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Mechanisms Behind the Reduction Hypothesis | |
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Research Linking Media Use and Academic Achievement | |
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Evaluating Research on the Reduction and Stimulation Hypotheses | |
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The Benefits of Educational Media | |
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Televised Educational Media | |
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Computer-Assisted Instruction | |
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Music and Academic Achievement: Myth or Reality? | |
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Developmental Points of Interest | |
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The Medical and Social Benefits of Media Use | |
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Pain Reduction Through Media-Based Distraction | |
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Research on Infants | |
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Research on Toddlers and Preschoolers | |
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Research on Youth in Middle Childhood and Adolescence | |
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Distraction Through Absorption and Flow | |
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Pain and Video Games: A Prescription for Success? | |
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Additional Medical Benefits of Video Game Play and Virtual Reality | |
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The Behavioral Benefits of Prosocial Media | |
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Cognitive Requirements Needed for Prosocial Learning | |
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Research on Infants and Toddlers | |
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Research on Preschoolers | |
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Research on Youth in Middle Childhood and Adolescence | |
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The Psychological Benefits of the Internet | |
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Friendship | |
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Well-Being and Social Self-Esteem | |
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Identity Exploration | |
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Developmental Points of Interest | |
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Advertising, Consumer Behavior, and Youth | |
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Consumer Behavior Across Development | |
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Feeling Wants and Preferences | |
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Nagging and Negotiations | |
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Adventure and the First Purchase | |
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Conformity and Fastidiousness | |
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Consumer Behavior During Adolescence | |
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Consumer Behavior and the Moderating Effect of Materialism | |
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Advertisements That Target Youth | |
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Characteristics of Advertisements Targeting Youth | |
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Advertisements That Are Not Supposed to Target Youth but Most Likely Do | |
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Research on Intended Cognitions | |
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Research on Intended Emotions | |
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Research on Intended Behavior | |
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Developmental Points of Interest | |
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Media and Stereotyping | |
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The Nature of Stereotypes | |
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Stereotypes in the Media That Youth Consume | |
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Stereotypes in Literature | |
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Stereotypes in Newspaper Comics | |
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Stereotypes in Cartoons | |
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Stereotypes in Educational Television and Computer Software | |
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Stereotypes in Television Commercials | |
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Stereotypes in Live-Action Television Programming | |
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Stereotypes in Video Games | |
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Stereotypes on the Internet | |
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Effects of Stereotypes in the Media on Youth | |
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Stereotyped Media and Gender | |
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Racial Stereotypes | |
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Developmental Points of Interest | |
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Media Influences on Obesity, Body Image, and Eating Disorders | |
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Media Consumption and Body Weight | |
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Explaining Why Media Can Be Fattening | |
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Parents, Media, and Obesity | |
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Media and Obesity Stigma | |
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Body Image and Media | |
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Depictions of Body Image in the Media | |
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Body Image Research | |
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Thin-Ideal Media and Eating Disorders in Females | |
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Lean Muscularity and Muscle Dysmorphia in Males | |
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Developmental Points of Interest | |
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The Role of Media in Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drug Use | |
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Prevalence of Cigarette, Alcohol, and Drug (CAD) Use Across Development | |
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Outcomes Associated With Adolescent CAD Use | |
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Health Risks | |
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Gateway Hypothesis of Drug Use | |
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Addiction | |
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Perceptions of CAD Use | |
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Prevalence of Substance Use in the Media | |
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Advertisements | |
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Media-Based Story Lines in the Movies and on TV | |
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Music | |
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Video Games | |
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Websites | |
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Effects of Substance Use in the Media | |
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Research During Early Childhood | |
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Research During Middle Childhood | |
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Research During Adolescence | |
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Developmental Points of Interest | |
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Media and the Sexualization and Sexual Socialization of Youth | |
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Sexualization and Sexual Socialization | |
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Sexual Media | |
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Sexual Content Observed by Children and Adolescents | |
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Sexualization of Youth in the Media | |
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The Effects of Viewing Sexual Media on Adolescents | |
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Attitudes Toward Sex | |
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Sexual Expectations and Attributions | |
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Sexual Behavior | |
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Developmental Points of Interest | |
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Violent Media Part 1: Comic Books, Music, and Video Games | |
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A Brief Primer on Aggression | |
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Violent Comic Books | |
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Music Violence | |
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Violent Lyrics | |
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Boulevard of Broken Lyrics? | |
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Violent Music and Aggressive Actions | |
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Violent Music Videos | |
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Violent Music and Suicide | |
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Violent Video Games | |
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Violent Video Games and Increasing Realism | |
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Violent Video Games and Youth: Effects of Era, Age, and Research Design | |
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Violent Gaming Online | |
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Developmental Points of Interest | |
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Violent Media Part 2: Traditional Screen Media | |
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Violence in Traditional Screen Media | |
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Factors That Influence the Perception of Violence | |
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Sanitization and Consequences | |
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Comedy | |
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Justification and Legitimation | |
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Perceived Reality | |
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Graphicness | |
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Glamorization | |
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Research on the Factors That Influence the Perception of Violence in Media | |
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The Effects of On-Screen Violence on Youth | |
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Aggressive Disinhibition | |
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Changes in Aggression-Related Constructs | |
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Desensitization | |
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Becoming Fearful | |
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Developmental Points of Interest | |
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Media Effects: Magnitude, Risk, and Media Literacy | |
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Meta-Analysis | |
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Findings From Meta-Analyses of Media Effects Research | |
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Risk, Protective, and Beneficial Factors | |
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Reducing the Negative Effects of Media Through Media Literacy | |
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Research on Co-Consuming Mediation | |
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Research on Restrictive Mediation | |
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Research on Active Mediation | |
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Countermedia | |
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Developmental Points of Interest | |
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References | |
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Index | |