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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| The basics of cancer | |
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| Cancer is a complex entity | |
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| Cancer through the ages | |
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| Modem day cancer research and treatment | |
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| Prevalence and mortality varies with each cancer | |
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| Risk factors have been identified | |
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| Will cancer be conquered within our lifetime? | |
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| Cells: The fundamental unit of life | |
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| Seven hierarchal levels of organization | |
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| Four types of macromolecular polymers | |
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| Cell structure and function | |
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| Relationship between structure and function is important | |
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| The human genome and protein function | |
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| The composition and function of the human genome | |
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| Having a diploid genome has its advantages | |
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| Proteins carry out diverse functions | |
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| Cell cycle, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes | |
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| Cell division in germ-line and somatic tissues | |
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| Consequences of germ-line and somatic tissue mutations | |
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| Cell division, differentiation, and maturation occur to form functional tissues | |
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| Cell division is under the regulation of the cell cycle | |
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| Loss of cell cycle control results in uncontrolled cell growth | |
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| Tumor formation, growth, and metastasis | |
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| Tissue changes that occur in response to stimuli | |
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| Feeding tumor growth by angiogenesis | |
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| Characteristics of benign and malignant tumors | |
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| Events that occur during the process of metastasis | |
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| Cancer screening, detection and diagnostic procedures and tests | |
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| Factors that determine the accuracy of a diagnostic test or procedure | |
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| Common screening tests | |
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| Diagnostic procedures for the confirmation of a disease | |
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| Tumor grade and stage factor into the type of treatment regimen and prognosis | |
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| Cancer treatment modalities | |
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| Surgery: the oldest and most commonly used treatment method | |
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| Radiation kills by causing extensive DNA damage | |
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| Cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs | |
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| Side effects and risks from the use of cytotoxic drugs | |
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| Hormonal deprivation treatment: used for estrogen- and androgen-dependent cancers | |
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| Can cancer growth be controlled by inhibiting angiogenesis? | |
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| Additional enzymes targeted for inhibition | |
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| Biological therapy stimulates the body's ability to fight cancer | |
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| Breast cancer | |
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| Breast cancer statistics | |
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| Women's breast tissue: unique in structure and function | |
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| Causes of breast cancer | |
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| Regular examinations of the breast are important for early diagnosis | |
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| What follows a positive diagnosis? | |
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| Treatment options are unique for each individual | |
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| Much has been accomplished, more needs to be done | |
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| Ovarian cancer | |
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| Ovarian cancer statistics | |
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| Structure and function of ovaries | |
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| There are three tissue categories of ovarian cancer | |
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| Symptoms of overian cancer are vague and often missed | |
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| Certain factors have been associated with a higher risk | |
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| Diagnostic tools are available but not always used or recommended | |
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| Additional procedures are necessary to confirm suspicious results or if there is metastasis | |
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| The FIGO system may be used to stage ovarian cancer | |
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| Treatment options for ovarian cancer | |
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| Steps are taken to prevent recurrence but do not always work when the cancer is advanced | |
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| Much needs to be done in the future | |
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| Cervical cancer | |
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| Cervical cancer statistics | |
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| Structure and function of the cervix | |
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| Symptoms of cervical cancer | |
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| Pelvic examinations and Pap tests enable early detection | |
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| Risk factors for cervical cancer | |
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| The HPV test is a vital diagnostic tool | |
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| Additional tests are necessary to examine the cervix | |
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| Treatment depends on the stage | |
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| A vaccine will prevent many cases of cervical cancer | |
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| Prostate cancer | |
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| Prostate cancer statistics | |
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| Function of the prostate gland | |
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| Certain factors influence the development of prostate cancer | |
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| Symptoms of an enlarged prostate | |
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| Screening and diagnostic tests for prostate cancer | |
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| There are traditional and unique treatment options available | |
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| Prostate cancer mortality rates have decreased | |
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| Much attention is being given to the number one cancer affecting men | |
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| Testicular cancer | |
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| Testicular cancer statistics | |
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| Structure and function of testicles | |
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| There are three types of testicular tumors | |
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| Risk factors for the disease | |
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| Symptoms of testicular cancer | |
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| Testicular self-examination (TSE) is recommended | |
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| Blood and imaging tests are used to determine diagnosis and possible metastasis | |
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| Testicular cancer treatment results in a high cure rate | |
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| Causes and treatments are being studied | |
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| Skin cancer | |
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| Skin cancer statistics | |
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| Structure and function of the skin | |
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| Three types of skin cancer | |
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| Risk factors for developing skin cancer | |
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| Methods used to screen for skin cancer | |
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| Surgery and chemotherapy are standard treatments for metastatic skin cancer | |
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| What happens after skin cancer treatment | |
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| Limited UV radiation exposure is the number one form of prevention | |
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| Lung cancer | |
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| Lung cancer statistics | |
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| Lungs are the site of the exchange of gases | |
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| Risk factors associated with the development of lung cancer | |
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| Lack of distinctive symptoms makes early diagnosis difficult | |
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| Lung cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage | |
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| There are two main categories of lung cancer | |
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| Three traditional therapies are used in lung cancer treatment | |
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| Is there discrimination in cancer research funding? | |
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| Colorectal cancer | |
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| Colon and rectum are the last two sections of the gastrointestinal tract | |
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| Risk factors for colorectal cancer | |
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| Screening tests | |
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| Treatment options | |
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| Targeted therapies | |
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| Screening tests performed after the course of treatment | |
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| Leukemia and lymphoma | |
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| Leukemia statistics | |
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| Leukemia is a cancer of the blood cells | |
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| The exact cause of leukemia is unknown | |
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| Early symptoms of leukemia | |
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| Laboratory studies are necessary to determine the diagnosis | |
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| There are many types of leukemia | |
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| Nonchemotherapeutic treatment options have significantly improved survival rates | |
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| Lymphoma is a malignancy of the lymphatic system | |
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| Hodgkin's vs. non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | |
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| Certain risk factors are associated with an increased incidence of lymphoma | |
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| Diagnosing lymphoma involves biopsies and imaging tests | |
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| Lymphomas must be classified to determine appropriate treatment | |
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| Treatment options depend on the type of lymphoma, stage, and extent of metastasis | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |