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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Introduction: sedimentology and stratigraphy | |
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| Sedimentary processes | |
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| Sedimentary environments and facies | |
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| The spectrum of environments and facies | |
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| Stratigraphy | |
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| The structure of this book | |
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| Terrigenous clastic sediments: gravel, sand and mud | |
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| Classification of sediments and sedimentary rocks | |
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| Gravel and conglomerate | |
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| Sand and sandstone | |
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| Clay, silt and mudrock | |
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| Textures and analysis of terrigenous clastic sedimentary rocks | |
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| Terrigenous clastic sediments: summary | |
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| Biogenic, chemical and volcanogenic sediments | |
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| Limestone | |
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| Evaporite minerals | |
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| Cherts | |
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| Sedimentary phosphates | |
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| Sedimentary ironstone | |
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| Carbonaceous (organic) deposits | |
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| Volcaniclastic rocks | |
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| Processes of transport and sedimentary structures | |
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| Transport media | |
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| The behaviour of fluids and particles in fluids | |
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| Flows, sediment and bedforms | |
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| Waves | |
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| Mass flows | |
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| Mudcracks | |
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| Erosional sedimentary structures | |
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| Teminology for sedimentary structures and beds | |
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| Sedimentary structures and sedimentary environments | |
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| Field sedimentology, facies and environments | |
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| Field sedimentology | |
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| Graphic sedimentary logs | |
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| Palaeocurrents | |
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| Collection of rock samples | |
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| Description of core | |
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| Interpreting past depositional environments | |
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| Reconstructing palaeoenvironments in space and time | |
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| Summary: facies and environments | |
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| Continents: sources of sediment | |
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| From source of sediment to formation of strata | |
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| Mountain building processes | |
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| Global climate | |
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| Weathering processes | |
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| Erosion and transport | |
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| Denudation and landscape evolution | |
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| Tectonics and denudation | |
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| Measuring rates of denudation | |
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| Denudation and sediment supply: summary | |
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| Glacial environments | |
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| Distribution of glacial environments | |
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| Glacial ice | |
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| Glaciers | |
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| Continental glacial deposition | |
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| Marine glacial environments | |
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| Distribution of glacial deposits | |
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| Ice, climate and tectonics | |
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| Summary of glacial environments | |
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| Aeolian processes | |
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| Aeolian transport | |
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| Deserts and ergs | |
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| Characteristics of wind-blown particles | |
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| Aeolian bedforms | |
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| Desert environments | |
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| Aeolian deposits outside deserts | |
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| Summary | |
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| Rivers and alluvial fans | |
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| Fluvial and alluvial systems | |
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| River forms | |
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| Floodplain deposition | |
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| Architecture of fluvial deposits | |
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| Alluvial fans | |
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| Fossils in fluvial and alluvial environments | |
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| Soils and palaeosols | |
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| Fluvial and alluvial fan deposition: summary | |
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| Lakes | |
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| Lakes and lacustrine environments | |
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| Freshwater lakes | |
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| Saline Lakes | |
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| Ephemeral lakes | |
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| Controls on lacustrine deposition | |
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| Life in lakes and fossils in lacustrine deposits | |
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| Recognition of lacustrine facies | |
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| The marine realm: morphology and processes | |
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| Divisions of the marine realm | |
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| Tides | |
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| Wave and storm processes | |
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| Thermo-haline and geostrophic currents | |
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| Chemical and biochemical sedimentation in oceans | |
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| Marine fossils | |
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| Trace fossils | |
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| Marine environments: summary | |
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| Deltas | |
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| River mouths, deltas and estuaries | |
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| Types of delta | |
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| Delta environments and successions | |
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| Variations in delta morphology and facies | |
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| Deltaic cycles and stratigraphy | |
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| Syn-depositional deformation in deltas | |
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| Recognition of deltaic deposits | |
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| Clastic coasts and estuaries | |
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| Coasts | |
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| Beaches | |
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| Barrier and lagoon systems | |
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| Tides and coastal systems | |
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| Coastal successions | |
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| Estuaries | |
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| Fossils in coastal and estuarine environments | |
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| Shallow sandy seas | |
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| Shallow marine environments of terrigenous clastic deposition | |
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| Storm-dominated shallow clastic seas | |
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| Tide-dominated clastic shallow seas | |
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| Responses to change in sea level | |
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| Criteria for the recognition of sandy shallow marine sediments | |
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| Shallow marine carbonate and evaporite environments | |
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| Coastal environments | |
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| Shelf environments | |
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| Types of carbonate platform | |
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| Evaporitic basins | |
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| Deep marine environments | |
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| Ocean basins | |
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| Submarine Fans | |
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| Slope aprons | |
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| Contourites | |
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| 5 Oceanic sediments | |
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| Fossils in deep ocean sediments | |
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| Recognition of deep ocean deposits: summary | |
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| Volcanic environments | |
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| Volcanic rocks and sediment | |
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| Transport and deposition of volcaniclastic material | |
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| Eruption styles | |
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| Facies associations in volcanic successions | |
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| Volcanic material in other environments | |
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| Volcanic rocks in Earth history | |
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| Recognition of volcanic deposits: summary | |
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| Post-depositional structures and diagenesis | |
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| Post-depositional modification of sedimentary layers | |
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| Diagenetic processes | |
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| Clastic diagenesis | |
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| Carbonate diagenesis | |
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| Post-depositional changes to evaporites | |
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| Diagenesis of volcaniclastic sediments | |
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| Formation of coal, oil and gas | |
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| Stratigraphy: concepts and lithostratigraphy | |
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| Geologic time | |
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| Stratigraphic units | |
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| Lithostratigraphy | |
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| Applications of lithostratigraphy | |
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| Biostratigraphy | |
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| Fossils and stratigraphy | |
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| Classification of organisms | |
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| Evolutionary trends | |
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| Biozones and zone fossils | |
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| Taxa used in biostratigraphy | |
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| Biostratigraphic correlation | |
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| Biostratigraphy in relation to other stratigraphic techniques | |
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| Dating and correlation techniques | |
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| Dating and correlation techniques | |
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| Radiometric dating | |
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| Other isotopic and chemical techniques | |
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| Magnetostratigraphy | |
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| Dating in the Quaternary | |
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| Subsurface stratigraphy and sedimentology | |
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| Introduction to subsurface stratigraphy and sedimentology | |
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| Seismic reflection data | |
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| Borehole stratigraphy and sedimentology | |
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| Geophysical logging | |
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| Subsurface facies and basin analysis | |
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| Sequence stratigraphy and sea level changes | |
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| Sea level changes and sedimentation | |
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| Depositional sequences and systems tracts | |
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| Parasequences: components of systems tracts | |
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| Carbonate sequence stratigraphy | |
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| Sequence stratigraphy in non-marine basins | |
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| Alternative schemes in sequence stratigraphy | |
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| Applications of sequence stratigraphy | |
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| Causes of sea level fluctuations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Sedimentary basins | |
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| Controls on sediment accumulation | |
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| Basins related to lithospheric extension | |
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| Basins related to subduction | |
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| Basins related to crustal loading | |
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| Basins related to strike-slip plate boundaries | |
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| Complex and hybrid basins | |
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| The record of tectonics in stratigraphy | |
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| Sedimentary basin analysis | |
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| The sedimentary record | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |