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| Preface | |
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| Single-species populations | |
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| Density-independent growth | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Fundamentals of population growth | |
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| Types of models | |
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| Density-independent versus density-dependent growth | |
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| Discrete or "geometric" growth in populations with non-overlapping generations | |
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| Exponential growth in populations with overlapping generations | |
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| Exponential growth in an invasive species | |
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| Applications to human populations | |
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| The finite rate of increase ([lambda]) and the intrinsic rate of increase (r) | |
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| Stochastic models of population growth and population viability analysis | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Density-dependent growth and intraspecific competition | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Density dependence in populations with discrete generations | |
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| Density dependence in populations with overlapping generations | |
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| Nonlinear density dependence of birth and death rates and the Allee effect | |
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| Time lags and limit cycles | |
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| Chaos and behavior of the discrete logistic model | |
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| Adding stochasticity to density-dependent models | |
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| Laboratory and field data | |
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| Behavioral aspects of intraspecific competition | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Population regulation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What is population regulation? | |
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| Combining density-dependent and density-independent factors | |
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| Tests of density dependence | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Populations with age structures | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Survivorship | |
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| Fertility | |
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| Mortality curves | |
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| Expectation of life | |
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| Net reproductive rate, generation time, and the intrinsic rate of increase | |
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| Age structure and the stable age distribution | |
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| Projecting population growth in age-structured populations | |
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| The Leslie or population projection matrix | |
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| A second version of the Leslie matrix | |
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| The Lefkovitch modification of the Leslie matrix | |
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| Dominant latent roots and the characteristic equation | |
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| Reproductive value | |
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| Conclusions: sensitivity analysis | |
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| Metapopulation ecology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Metapopulations and spatial ecology | |
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| MacArthur and Wilson and the equilibrium theory | |
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| The Levins or classical metapopulation | |
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| Extinction in metapopulations | |
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| Metapopulation dynamics of two local populations | |
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| Source-sink metapopulations and the rescue effect | |
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| Non-equilibrium and patchy metapopulations | |
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| Spatially realistic models | |
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| Minimum viable metapopulation size | |
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| Assumptions and evidence for the existence of metapopulations in nature | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Life-history strategies | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Power laws | |
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| The metabolic theory of ecology | |
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| Cole and Lewontin | |
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| The theory of r- and K-selection | |
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| Cost of reproduction and allocation of energy | |
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| Clutch size | |
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| Latitudinal gradients in clutch size | |
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| Predation and its effects on life-history characteristics | |
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| Bet hedging | |
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| The Grime general model for three evolutionary strategies in plants | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Interspecific interactions | |
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| Interspecific competition | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Interspecific competition: early experiments and the competitive-exclusion principle | |
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| The Lotka-Volterra competition equations | |
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| Laboratory experiments and competition | |
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| Resource-based competition theory | |
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| Spatial competition and the competition-colonization trade-off | |
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| Evidence for competition from nature | |
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| Indirect evidence for competition and "natural experiments" | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Mutualism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Modeling mutualism | |
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| Conclusions: the costs of mutualism | |
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| Host-parasite interactions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Factors affecting microparasite population biology | |
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| Modeling host-microparasite interactions | |
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| Dynamics of the disease | |
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| Immunization | |
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| Endangered metapopulations and disease | |
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| Social parasites | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Predator-prey interactions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Lotka-Volterra equations | |
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| Early tests of the Lotka-Volterra models | |
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| Functional responses | |
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| Adding prey density dependence and the type II and III functional responses to the Lotka-Volterra equations | |
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| The graphical analyses of Rosenzweig and MacArthur | |
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| Use of a half-saturation constant in predator-prey interactions | |
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| Parasitoid-host interactions and the Nicholson-Bailey models | |
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| Predator-prey interactions in practice: field studies | |
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| Trophic cascades | |
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| The dangers of a predatory lifestyle | |
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| Escape from predation | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Plant-herbivore interactions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Classes of chemical defenses | |
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| Constitutive versus induced defense | |
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| Plant communication | |
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| Plant-parasitoid communication | |
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| A classic set of data reconsidered | |
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| Novel defenses/herbivore responses | |
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| Detoxification of plant compounds by herbivores | |
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| Plant apparency and chemical defense | |
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| Soil fertility and chemical defense | |
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| The optimal defense theory | |
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| Modeling plant-herbivore population dynamics | |
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| Conclusions: the complexities of herbivore-plant interactions | |
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| Problem sets | |
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| Matrix algebra: the basics | |
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| Mathematical symbols used in this book | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |