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| Preface | |
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| The Responsibility to Remember: An Introduction to the Historiography of Christianity | |
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| Tradition and Confession | |
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| The Law of Praying is the Law of Believing | |
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| The Roman Empire and its Political Achievements | |
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| Hellenization and its Cultural Achievements | |
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| Development of the Biblical Canon | |
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| Sibling Rivalry: Heresy, Orthodoxy, and Ecumenical Councils | |
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| The Structure of Tradition: Confession and Doctrine | |
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| Doctrine as a Key to Christian Memory and Identity | |
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| Heresy | |
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| Jesus' Relationship to God: The Doctrine of the Trinity | |
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| From the Council of Nicaea to the Council of Constantinople | |
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| Jesus and Humankind: Christology | |
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| The Heavenly City: The Augustinian Synthesis of Biblical Religion and Hellenism | |
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| Augustine's Path to Conversion | |
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| Augustine's Theological Contributions | |
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| Augustine and Donatism | |
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| The Pelagian Controversy | |
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| The Development of Medieval Christendom | |
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| Monasticism to Mission | |
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| The Emergence of the Papacy | |
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| Papacy and Empire | |
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| The Gregorian Reform | |
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| The Investiture Conflict | |
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| The Crusades | |
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| Faith in Search of Understanding: Anselm, Abelard, and the Beginnings of Scholasticism | |
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| Universities and Scholasticism | |
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| Contributions of Early Scholastic Theology | |
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| The Medieval Church | |
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| The Cultural and Theological Development of the Sacraments | |
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| The Rise of the Mendicant Orders | |
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| The Rise and Decline of Papal Authority | |
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| The Decline of the Papacy | |
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| Conciliarism | |
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| The Reformations of the Sixteenth Century | |
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| Context | |
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| The Reformation in Germany | |
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| The Reformation in Switzerland | |
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| The Reformation in France | |
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| The Reformation in England | |
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| Scandinavia and Eastern Europe | |
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| Early Modern Catholicism | |
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| The Reformations' Aftermath | |
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| Pietism and the Enlightenment | |
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| The Enlightenment | |
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| The Catholic Church and the Enlightenment | |
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| Challenge and Response: The Church in the Nineteenth Century | |
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| The Churches and the French Revolution | |
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| From the French Revolution to the Congress of Vienna | |
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| Church Reform in Germany: The Prussian Union and its Consequences | |
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| Inner Mission and the Social Question | |
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| The Catholic Church in the Nineteenth Century | |
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| Pope Pius IX and Vatican I | |
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| From Kulturkampf to the Anti-Modernist Oath | |
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| Nineteenth-Century Theology | |
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| The Awakening | |
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| Theological Currents | |
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| Liberal Theology | |
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| The Christian Churches since World War I | |
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| New Formulations in Protestant Theology | |
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| The Churches during National Socialism | |
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| Developments in the Catholic Church after World War I | |
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| The Ecumenical Movement | |
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| Back to the Future: Christianity in Global Context | |
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| Periodization | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Further Reading | |