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Tables | |
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Forms | |
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Figures | |
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Preface | |
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About the Authors | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Preparatory Considerations | |
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Foundations of Assessment | |
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Overview of Assessment | |
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Psychometric Principles | |
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Validity | |
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Reliability | |
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Standardization | |
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Assessment Methods | |
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Norm-Referenced Tests | |
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Criterion-Referenced Tests | |
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Authentic Assessment Approach | |
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Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Sources of Additional Information | |
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Chapter 1 Forms | |
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Multicultural Considerations | |
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Preassessment Knowledge | |
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Know the Culture of the Client | |
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Know the History of the Client | |
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Know the Normal Communicative Patterns of the Client's Dominant Language | |
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Normal Patterns of Second Language Acquisition | |
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Planning and Completing the Assessment | |
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Making a Diagnosis | |
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Working with Interpreters | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Sources of Additional Information | |
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Chapter 2 Forms | |
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Speech and Language Characteristics of African American English | |
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Speech and Language Characteristics of Spanish | |
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Speech and Language Characteristics of Asian Languages | |
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Obtaining, Interpreting, and Reporting Assessment Information | |
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Obtaining Preassessment Information | |
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Written Case Histories | |
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Allergy Awareness | |
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Information-Getting Interviews | |
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Questions Common to Various Communicative Disorders | |
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Questions Common to Specific Communicative Disorders | |
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Information from Other Professionals | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Sources of Additional Information | |
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Chapter 3 Forms | |
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Sample Release of Information | |
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Sample Request for Information | |
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Sample Referral for Medical Evaluation | |
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Evaluating Preassessment Information | |
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Speech, Language, and Motor Development | |
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Medical Conditions Associated with Communicative Disorders | |
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Syndromes Associated with Communicative Disorders | |
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Standard Medical Abbreviations | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Sources of Additional Information | |
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Reporting Assessment Findings | |
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Information-Giving Interviews | |
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Illustrations to Use When Conveying Information | |
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Writing Assessment Reports | |
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Clinical Correspondence | |
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Writing SOAP Notes | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Sources of Additional Information | |
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Three Sample Clinical Reports | |
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Sample Release of Information Form | |
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Three Sample Clinical Correspondences | |
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Resources for Assessing Communicative Disorders | |
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Assessment Procedures Common to Most Communicative Disorders | |
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Oral-Facial Examination | |
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Interpreting the Oral-Facial Examination | |
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Assessing Diadochokinetic Syllable Rates | |
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Speech and Language Sampling | |
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Conversation Starters for Eliciting a Speech-Language Sample | |
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Pictures | |
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Narratives with Pictures | |
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Evaluating Rate of Speech | |
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Determining Speech Rate | |
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Determining Intelligibility | |
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Syllable-by-Syllable Stimulus Phrases | |
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Reading Passages | |
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Charting | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Sources of Additional Information | |
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Chapter 6 Forms | |
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Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Disorders | |
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Overview of Assessment | |
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Screening | |
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Formal Tests | |
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Speech Sampling | |
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Identifying Sound Errors | |
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Stimulability | |
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Assessing Stimulability of Consonants | |
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Developmental Norms for Phonemes and Blends | |
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Frequencies of Occurrence of Consonants | |
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Descriptive Features of Phonemes | |
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Distinctive Features of Consonants | |
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Phonological Processes | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Sources of Additional Information | |
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Chapter 7 Forms | |
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Assessment of Language | |
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Overview of Assessment | |
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Assessment Approaches | |
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Components of Language | |
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Language Disorder Categories | |
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Screening | |
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Assessment of Early Language Development | |
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Piaget's Stages of Early Cognitive Development | |
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Late Talker vs. Language Disordered | |
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Formal Language Testing | |
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Informal Assessment | |
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Language Sampling and Analysis | |
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Determining the Mean Length of Utterance | |
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Assessment of Pragmatic Skills | |
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Assessment of Semantic Skills | |
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Determining the Type-Token Ratio | |
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Assessment of Syntactic Skills | |
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Assessment of Morphologic Skills | |
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Making a Diagnosis | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Sources of Additional Information | |
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Chapter 8 Forms | |
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Assessment of Fluency | |
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Overview of Assessment | |
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Speech Sampling | |
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Evaluating the Speech Sample | |
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Descriptions of Dysfluencies | |
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Dysfluency Indexes | |
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Associated Motor Behaviors | |
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Physiological Factors | |
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Speech Rate | |
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Assessing Feelings and Attitudes | |
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Parental Concern | |
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Avoidance and Expectancy | |
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Criteria for Diagnosing Stuttering | |
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Estimating Severity | |
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Stimulability | |
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Cluttering | |
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Assessment | |
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Stimulability | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Sources of Additional Information | |
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Chapter 9 Forms | |
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Assessment of Voice and Resonance | |
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Overview of Assessment | |
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Screening | |
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Need for Medical Evaluation | |
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Examining the Voice | |
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Assessment Instrumentation | |
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Normal Fundamental Frequencies | |
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Assessing Breathing and Breath Support | |
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The S/Z Ratio | |
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Assessing Resonance | |
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Hypernasality | |
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Assimilation Nasality | |
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Hyponasality | |
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Assessing Velopharyngeal Function | |
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The Pressure Consonants | |
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The Modified Tongue Anchor Procedure | |
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Stimulability | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Sources of Additional Information | |
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Chapter 10 Forms | |
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Assessment of Neurologically Based Communicative Disorders | |
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Overview of Assessment | |
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The Cranial Nerves | |
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Differential Characteristics of Dysarthria and Apraxia | |
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Assessment of Dysarthria | |
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Assessment of Apraxia | |
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Developmental Apraxia of Speech | |
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Assessment of Aphasia | |
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Assessment of Right Hemisphere Syndrome | |
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Assessment of Clients with Traumatic Brain Injury | |
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Assessment of Clients with Dementia | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Sources of Additional Information | |
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Chapter 11 Forms | |
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Assessment of Dysphagia | |
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Overview of Assessment | |
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Overview of a Normal Swallow | |
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Bedside Assessment of Dysphagia | |
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Administration and Interpretation | |
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Videofluoroscopy and Videoendoscopy | |
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Videofluoroscopy | |
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Videoendoscopy | |
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Bedside Assessment of the Tracheostomized Client | |
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The Blue-Dye Test | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Sources of Additional Information | |
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Chapter 12 Form | |
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Assessment of Four Special Populations | |
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Overview of Assessment | |
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Assessment of Clients with Autism Spectrum Disorder | |
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Characteristics of the Five Autism Spectrum Disorders | |
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Early Indicators of Autism Spectrum Disorder | |
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Assessment and Diagnosis | |
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Assessment for Augmentative or Alternative Communication (AAC) | |
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Assessing Sensory and Motor Capabilities | |
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Assessing Language and Cognitive Skills | |
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Determining the Most Appropriate AAC System | |
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Assessment of Laryngectomees | |
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Alaryngeal Communication Options | |
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Assessment of Clients with Cleft Lip or Palate | |
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Assessing Speech and Resonance | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Sources of Additional Information | |
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Chapter 13 Forms | |
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Assessment of Hearing | |
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Types of Hearing Losses | |
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Conductive Hearing Loss | |
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Sensorineural Hearing Loss | |
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Mixed Hearing Loss | |
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Central Auditory Disorder | |
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Retrocochlear Pathology | |
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Standard Classification of Hearing Loss and the Effects on Communicative Development | |
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Screening | |
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Interpreting Audiograms and Tympanograms | |
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Audiograms | |
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Tympanograms | |
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Speech Audiometry | |
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Environmental Noise Levels | |
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Hearing Aids | |
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Troubleshooting Hearing Aid Problems | |
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Cochlear Implants | |
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Vibrotactile Aids | |
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Concluding Comments | |
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Sources of Additional Information | |
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Chapter 14 Form | |
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Glossary | |
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References | |
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Index | |