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| List of Boxes | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introduction: Humanitarian Intervention in Contemporary International Relations | |
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| The contemporary debate | |
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| The end of history | |
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| The rise of the 'international community' | |
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| Globalization and the communication revolution | |
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| Using this book | |
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| Concepts and Conceptions | |
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| What is 'Humanitarian Intervention'? | |
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| 'Humanitarian intervention', 'humanitarian action' and 'military action' | |
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| Features of humanitarian intervention | |
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| The status of the parties involved | |
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| The question of consent | |
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| The means | |
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| The motives | |
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| The issue of legality | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Just War Tradition and Natural Law | |
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| The central tenets | |
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| The evolution of the Just War tradition | |
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| Contemporary relevance | |
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| Is the tradition universally applicable? | |
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| The tradition is inherently statist | |
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| Easily abused/who decides? | |
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| Does the Just War tradition have any real utility? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Sovereign State | |
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| The evolution of the sovereign state | |
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| War, religion and the modern state | |
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| Westphalia and the nation-state | |
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| The UN Charter | |
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| Organized hypocrisy? | |
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| Challenging the sovereign state in the contemporary era | |
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| The rise of human security and global civil society | |
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| Political developments in the 1990s | |
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| Defending the sovereign state | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Theoretical Perspectives | |
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| Realism | |
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| Marxism/critical theory | |
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| Liberalism | |
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| The English School | |
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| Cosmopolitanism | |
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| Post-structuralism | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Controversies | |
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| International Law and Human Rights | |
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| The evolution of international law | |
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| State responsibility | |
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| Traditional approaches to state responsibility | |
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| State responsibility and the UN Charter | |
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| The legal status of humanitarian intervention | |
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| Human rights law | |
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| 'Illegal but legitimate'? | |
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| The need for legal reform | |
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| The feasibility of reform | |
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| Potential legal reform | |
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| Political will or legal obstacles? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Responsibility to Protect | |
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| The origins of the responsibility to protect | |
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| Key tenets | |
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| International reception and evolution | |
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| Challenging the responsibility to protect | |
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| Prevention | |
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| A tool of the powerful | |
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| A norm or nebulous? | |
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| The emperor's new clothes? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Who Decides? Authority and Legitimacy | |
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| Legitimacy, authority, power and rights | |
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| Legitimacy | |
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| Authority and power | |
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| Right or duty? | |
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| The UN Security Council | |
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| Nature of the Security Council's powers | |
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| International perception | |
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| A source of order, not justice | |
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| Alternative authorities | |
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| International morality | |
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| Liberal hierarchy thesis | |
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| Reform of the Security Council | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Motives and Means | |
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| Motives | |
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| The humanitarian imperative | |
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| In defence of interests | |
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| 'He who invokes humanity wants to cheat' | |
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| Means | |
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| 'Bombing for humanity' | |
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| Force protection | |
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| 'War is hell' | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Cases | |
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| Humanitarian Intervention in History | |
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| Humanitarian intervention: trends and changes | |
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| The state and the evolution of humanitarian intervention | |
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| Humanitarian intervention in historical context | |
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| Conclusion: assessing the record | |
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| Rwanda | |
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| Nature of the crisis | |
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| The evolution of the crisis | |
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| Explaining the genocide | |
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| International response | |
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| International reaction | |
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| Could more have been done? | |
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| Impact on the debate | |
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| Never again! | |
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| The need for UN reform | |
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| Critiquing intervention | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Kosovo | |
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| Nature of the crisis | |
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| International response | |
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| 1989-98: distracted superpowers | |
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| October 1998-March 1999: diplomatic failure | |
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| 24 March 1999-10 June 1999: intervention | |
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| Impact on the debate | |
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| A war fought for values | |
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| 'The new military humanism' | |
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| International law after Kosovo | |
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| Force protection and international humanitarian law | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Iraq | |
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| Nature of the crisis | |
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| International response | |
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| The Bush doctrine and Iraq | |
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| Operation Iraqi Freedom | |
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| Lies? | |
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| Impact on the debate | |
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| The abuse of humanitarian intervention | |
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| The rote of international law | |
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| The utility of the Just War criteria | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Darfur | |
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| Nature of the crisis | |
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| International response | |
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| 2003-5 | |
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| 2005-8 | |
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| Impact on the debate | |
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| Back to Rwanda? | |
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| R2P RIP? | |
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| The limits of global civil society? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Libya and the Arab Spring | |
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| Nature of the crisis | |
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| Libya under Gaddafi | |
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| Ash-sha'b yurid isqat an-nizam | |
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| International response | |
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| The Arab League and the African Union | |
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| The Security Council acts | |
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| Operation Unified Protector | |
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| Impact on the debate | |
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| Interests or humanitarianism? | |
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| 'The Responsibility to Protect has arrived' | |
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| Never again? | |
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| The viability of prevention | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Conclusion: The Future of Humanitarian Intervention? | |
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| In defence of the status quo | |
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| The need for legal reform | |
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| Beyond current international law | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |