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| Preface | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Ethical Theory and Bioethics | |
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| Fundamental Problems | |
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| The Study of Morality | |
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| Moral Dilemmas and Disagreements | |
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| The Problem of Relativism | |
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| The Acceptability of Moral Diversity and Moral Disagreement | |
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| Moral Justification | |
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| Types of Ethical Theory | |
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| Utilitarian Theories | |
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| Kantian Theories | |
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| Contemporary Challenges to the Traditional Theories | |
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| Virtue Ethics | |
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| The Ethics of Care | |
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| Casuistry | |
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| Ethical Principles | |
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| Respect for Autonomy | |
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| Beneficence | |
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| Justice | |
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| Policy and Law | |
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| Ethics and Public Affairs | |
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| Morality and Law | |
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| Legal and Moral Rights | |
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| Law, Authority, and Autonomy | |
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| The Health Care Provider-Patient Relationship? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Confidentiality of Medical Information | |
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| Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, California Supreme Court | |
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| "A Defense of Unqualified Medical Confidentiality" | |
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| "The Legal and Ethical Fiction of 'Pure' Confidentiality" | |
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| Truth-Telling and Disclosure of Medical Error | |
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| "Telling the Truth to Patients with Cancer: What is the Truth?" | |
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| "A 62-Year-Old Woman With Skin Cancer Who Experienced Wrong-Site Surgery" | |
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| Informed Consent | |
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| Canterbury v. Spence, United States Court of Appeals | |
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| "Physicians and Patients: A History of Silence" | |
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| "The Concept of Informed Consent" | |
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| "Against the Tide: Arguments against Respecting a Minor's Refusal of Efficacious Life-Saving Treatment" | |
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| Refusal of Treatment and Advance Directives | |
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| Bouvia v. Superior Court, California Court of Appeals | |
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| Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health, United States Supreme Court | |
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| "Precommitment: A Misguided Strategy for Securing Death With Dignity" | |
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| Challenges In A Changing Health Care Environment | |
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| "Consent and Cultural Conflicts: Ethical Issues in Pediatric Anesthesiologists' Participation in Female Genital Cutting" | |
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| "Conscientious Refusal by Physicians and Pharmacists: Who is Obligated to do What, and Why?" | |
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| NHS Confederation, "Remote Control: The Patient-Practitioner Relationship in a Digital Age" | |
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| "Managed Care: Some Basic Ethical Issues" | |
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| Suggested Readings for Chapter 2 | |
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| Genetics and Genomics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Genetics and Society | |
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| "Medicine, Eugenics, and the Supreme Court: From Coercive Sterilization to Reproductive Freedom" | |
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| "A Not-So-New Eugenics" | |
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| "What's Morally Wrong with Eugenics?" | |
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| World Health Organization, "Analysis: Impact of DNA Patents on Access to Genetic Tests and Genomic Science" | |
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| Patricia (Winnie) Roche, and Robert C. Green, "GINA, Genism, and Civil Rights" | |
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| Genetic Testing and Screening | |
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| "From Brute Luck to Option Luck? On Genetics, Justice, and Moral Responsibility in Reproduction" | |
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| "Ethics, Evidence, and Cost in Newborn Screening" | |
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| "The Advent of the 'Unpatients'" | |
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| "Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing: Perceptions, Problems, and Policy Responses" | |
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| Applying Genetic Technologies | |
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| "Swabbing Students: Should Universities Be Allowed to Facilitate Educational DNA Testing?" | |
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| "The Ethics of Human Gene Transfer" | |
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| "The $1000 Genome: Ethical and Legal Issues in Whole Genome Sequencing of Individuals" | |
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| "Opposition to Transgenic Technologies: Ideology, Interests and Collective Action Frames" | |
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| Suggested Readings for Chapter 3 | |
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| Reproduction | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Assisted Reproduction and Reprogenetics | |
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| "The Presumptive Primacy of Procreative Liberty" | |
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| "A Philosopher Looks at Assisted Reproduction" | |
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| "Free Markets, Free Choice?: A Market Approach to Reproductive Rights" | |
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| "Self-Regulation, Compensation, and the Ethical Recruitment of Oocyte Donors" | |
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| "Prenatal Diagnosis and Selective Abortion: A Challenge to Practice and Policy" | |
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| "Genetic Intervention and the Morality of Inclusion" | |
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| The Problem of Justifying Abortion | |
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| "Why Abortion is Immoral" | |
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| "Understanding the 'Conservative' View on Abortion" | |
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| "A Defense of Abortion" | |
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| "Abortion" | |
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| Landmark Court Cases On Abortion | |
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| United States Supreme Court | |
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| Planned Parenthood v. Casey, United States Supreme Court | |
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| United States Supreme Court | |
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| Suggested Readings for Chapter 4 | |
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| End Of Life | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Landmark Legislation and Legal Cases | |
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| Ballot Measure 16: The Oregon Death with Dignity Act, "Proposed by Initiative Petition to be Voted on at the General Election" | |
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| Attorney General of New York et al. v. Timothy E. Quill et al, United States Supreme Court | |
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| Washington et al. v. Harold Glucksberg et al., United States Supreme Court | |
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| Attorney General et al. v. Oregon et al, United States Supreme Court | |
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| Moral Arguments About the Law | |
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| "The Rise and Fall of the 'Right' to Assisted Suicide" | |
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| "Physician-Assisted Suicide: A Common Law Roadmap" | |
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| "Hastened Death and the Regulation of the Practice of Medicine" | |
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| Moral Issues about Physician-Assisted Death | |
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| "Voluntary Active Euthanasia" | |
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| "Vulnerable People: Practical Rejoinders to Claims in Favor of Assisted Suicide" | |
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| "Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: Another Battle in the Culture Wars" | |
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| Alternatives To Physician-Assisted Death | |
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| "An Alternative to Physician-Assisted Suicide" | |
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| "Physician-Assisted Suicide as a Last-Resort Option at the End of Life" | |
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| Suggested Readings for Chapter 5 | |
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| Organ Transplantation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Deceased Donation: Definition of Death and Consent | |
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| "The Definition of Death: Problems for Public Policy" | |
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| "Harvesting the Living?: Separating "Brain Death" and Organ Transplantation" | |
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| "Donation After Circulatory Death: Burying the Dead Donor Rule" | |
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| "Why We Must Leave Our Organs to Others" | |
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| Allocation of Organs from Deceased Donors | |
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| "Putting Patients First in Organ Allocation: An Ethical Analysis of the U.S. Debate" | |
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| "Better Off Living-The Ethics of the New UNOS Proposal for Allocating Kidneys for Transplantation" | |
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| Innovative Approaches for Obtaining Organs | |
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| "The Ethical Limits in Expanding Living Donor Transplantation" | |
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| "Ethnocentrism Is an Unacceptable Rationale for Health Care Policy: A Critique of Transplant Tourism Position Statements" | |
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| "Organ Solicitation on the Internet: Every Man for Himself?" | |
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| "Nephrarious Goings On: Kidney Sales and Moral Arguments" | |
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| Suggested Readings for Chapter 6 | |
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| Biomedical Research and Bioscience | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Use of Animals in Research | |
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| "The Ethics of Animal Research: What Are the Prospects for Agreement?" | |
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| "Animals" | |
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| Use of Humans in Research | |
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| The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, "The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research" | |
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| "Swinging on the Pendulum: Shifting Views of Justice in Human Subjects Research" | |
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| "The Dangers of Difference" | |
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| "The Havasupai Indian Tribe Case-Lessons for Research Involving Stored Biologic Samples" | |
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| "The Exploitation of the Economically Disadvantaged in Pharmaceutical Research" | |
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| "Ethical and Policy Implications of Clinical Drug Trials Conducted in Developing Countries" | |
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| Controversial Science and Medicine | |
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| "The Obligation to Prevent the Next Dual-Use Controversy" | |
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| "Interests, Identities, and Synthetic Biology" | |
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| "Cognitive Enhancement: Methods, Ethics, Regulatory Challenges" | |
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| "The Ethics of Regenerative Medicine: Beyond Humanism and Posthumanism" | |
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| Suggested Readings for Chapter 7 | |
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| Justice and Health | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Social Justice, Health Policy, and Public Health | |
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| United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "The Right of Everyone to the Enjoyment of the Highest Attainable Standard of Physical and Mental Health" | |
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| "Justice, Health, and Health Care" | |
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| "Responsibilities for Poverty-Related Ill Health" | |
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| "Social Justice, Inequality, and Systematic Disadvantage" | |
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| Just Health Care and the Right To Health Care | |
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| "Justice, the Basic Social Contract, and Health Care" | |
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| "The Right to a Decent Minimum of Health Care" | |
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| "Rights to Health Care, Social Justice, and Fairness in Health Care Allocations: Frustrations in the Face of Finitude" | |
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| Priority Setting In Health Care and Public Health | |
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| "The Necessity of Rationing Health Care" | |
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| "Priority to the Worse Off in Health-Care Resource Prioritization" | |
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| Suggested Readings for Chapter 8 | |
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| Public Health | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Approaches To Public Health Ethics | |
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| "Public Health Ethics: Mapping the Terrain" | |
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| "Human Rights and Public Health Ethics: Responding to the Global HTV/AIDS Pandemic" | |
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| Promotion and Prevention | |
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| "Persuasion and Coercion for Health: Ethical Issues in Government Efforts to Change Life-Styles" | |
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| "Guilt, Fear, Stigma and Knowledge Gaps: Ethical Issues, in Public Health Communication Interventions" | |
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| Management of Communicable Diseases | |
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| "Privacy, Democracy and the Politics of Disease Surveillance" | |
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| "Jacobson v. Massachusetts at 100 Years: Police Power and Civil Liberties in Tension" | |
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| "Restrictions on Liberty" | |
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| "Why We Should Eliminate Personal Belief Exemptions to Vaccine Mandates" | |
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| "Finding the Proper Balance between Freedom and Justice: Why We Should Not Eliminate Personal Belief Exemptions to Vaccine Mandates" | |
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| "The Ethics of Implementing Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Developed Countries" | |
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| Pandemic Preparedness and Response | |
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| "Ethics and Severe Pandemic Influenza: Maintaining Essential Functions through a Fair and Considered Response" | |
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| "Ethics, Pandemics, and the Duty to Treat" | |
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| Suggested Readings for Chapter 9 | |