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Foreword | |
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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Introduction | |
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Engineering Design What does it mean to design something? Is engineering design different from other kinds of design? | |
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Where and when do engineers design? | |
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A basic vocabulary for engineering design | |
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Defining engineering design | |
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Assumptions underlying our definition of engineering design | |
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Measuring the success of an engineered design | |
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Form and function | |
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Design and systems | |
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Communication and design | |
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Learning and doing engineering design | |
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Engineering design problems are challenging | |
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Learning design by doing | |
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Managing engineering design projects | |
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Notes | |
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Defining a Design Process and a Case Study How do I do engineering design? Can you show me an example? | |
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The design process as a process of questioning | |
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Describing and prescribing a design process | |
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Informing a design process | |
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Informing a design process by thinking strategically | |
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Informing a design process with formal design methods | |
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Acquiring design knowledge to inform a design process | |
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Informing a design process with analysis and testing | |
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Getting feedback to inform a design process | |
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Case study: Design of a stabilizer for microlaryngeal surgery | |
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Illustrative design examples | |
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Notes | |
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The Design Process and Design Tools | |
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Problem Definition: Detailing Customer Requirements What does the client require of this design? | |
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Clarifying the initial problem statement | |
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Framing customer requirements | |
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Lists of design attributes and of design objectives | |
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Revised problem statements: Public statements of the design project | |
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Designing an arm support for a CP-afflicted student | |
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Notes | |
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Problem Definition: Clarifying The Objectives What is this design intended to achieve? | |
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Clarifying a client's objectives | |
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Representing lists of objectives in objectives trees | |
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Remarks on objectives trees | |
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The objectives tree for the juice container design | |
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Measurement issues in ordering and evaluating objectives | |
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Rank ordering objectives with pairwise comparison charts | |
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An individual's rank orderings | |
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Aggregating rank orderings for a group | |
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Using pairwise comparisons properly | |
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Developing metrics to measure the achievement of objectives | |
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Establishing good metrics for objectives | |
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Establishing metrics for the juice container | |
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Objectives and metrics for the Danbury arm support | |
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Notes | |
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Problem Definition: Identifying Constraints What are the limits for this design problem? | |
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Identifying and setting the client's limits | |
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Displaying and using constraints | |
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Constraints for the Danbury arm support | |
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Notes | |
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Problem Definition: Establishing Functions How do I express a design's functions in engineering terms? | |
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Establishing functions | |
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Functions: Input is transformed into output | |
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Expressing functions | |
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Functional analysis: Tools for establishing functions | |
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Black boxes and glass boxes | |
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Dissection or reverse engineering | |
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Enumeration | |
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Function-means trees | |
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Remarks on functions and objectives | |
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Design specifications: Specifying functions, features, and behavior | |
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Attaching numbers to design specifications | |
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Setting performance levels | |
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Interface performance specifications | |
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House of quality: Accounting for the customers' requirements | |
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Functions for the Danbury arm support | |
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Notes | |
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Conceptual Design: Generating Design Alternatives How do I generate or create feasible designs? | |
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Generating the "design space," a space of engineering designs | |
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Defining a design space by generating a morphological chart | |
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Thinking metaphorically and strategically | |
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The 6-3-5 method | |
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The C-sketch method | |
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The gallery method | |
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Guiding thoughts on design generation | |
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Navigating, expanding, and contracting design spaces | |
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Navigating design spaces | |
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Expanding a design space when it is too small | |
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Contracting a design space when it is too large | |
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Generating designs for the Danbury arm support | |
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Notes | |
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Conceptual Design: Evaluating Design Alternatives and Choosing a Design Which design should I choose? Which design is "best"? | |
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Applying metrics to objectives: Selecting the preferred design | |
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Numerical evaluation matrices | |
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Priority checkmark method | |
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The best-of-class chart | |
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An important reminder about design evaluation | |
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Evaluating designs for the Danbury arm support | |
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Notes | |
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Design Communication | |
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Communicating Designs Graphically Here's my design; can you make it? | |
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Engineering sketches and drawings speak to many audiences | |
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Sketching | |
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Fabrication specifications: The several forms of engineering drawings | |
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Design drawings | |
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Detail drawings | |
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Some Danbury arm support drawings | |
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Fabrication specifications: The devil is in the details | |
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Final notes on drawings | |
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Notes | |
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Prototyping and Proofing the Design Here's my design; how well does it work? | |
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Prototypes, models, and proofs of concept | |
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Prototypes and models are not the same thing | |
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Testing prototypes and models, and proving concepts | |
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When do we build a prototype? | |
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Building models and prototypes | |
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Who is going to make it? | |
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Can we buy parts or components? | |
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How, and from what, will the model/prototype be made? | |
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How much will it cost? | |
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Notes | |
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Communicating Designs Orally and in Writing How do we let our client know about our solutions? | |
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General guidelines for technical communication | |
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Oral presentations: Telling a crowd what's been done | |
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Knowing the audience: Who's listening? | |
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The presentation outline | |
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Presentations are visual events | |
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Practice makes perfect, maybe … | |
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Design reviews | |
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The project report: Writing for the client, not for history | |
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The purpose of and audience for the final report | |
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The rough outline: Structuring the final report | |
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The topic sentence outline: Every entry represents a paragraph | |
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The first draft: Turning several voices into one | |
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The final, final report: Ready for prime time | |
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Final report elements for the Danbury arm support | |
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Rough outlines of two project reports | |
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ATSO for the Danbury arm support | |
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The final outcome: The Danbury arm support | |
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Notes | |
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Design Modeling, Engineering Economics, and Design Use | |
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Mathematical Modeling in Design Math and physics are very much part of the design process! | |
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Some mathematical habits of thought for design modeling | |
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Basic principles of mathematical modeling | |
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Abstractions, scaling, and lumped elements | |
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Some mathematical tools for design modeling | |
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Physical dimensions in design (i): Dimensions and units | |
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Physical dimensions in design (ii): Significant figures | |
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Physical dimensions in design (iii): Dimensional analysis | |
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Physical idealizations, mathematical approximations, and linearity | |
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Conservation and balance laws | |
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Series and parallel connections | |
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Mechanical-electrical analogies | |
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Modeling a battery-powered payload cart | |
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Modeling the mechanics of moving a payload cart up a ramp | |
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Selecting a battery and battery operating characteristics | |
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Selecting a motor and motor operating characteristics | |
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Design modeling of a ladder rung | |
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Modeling a ladder rung as an elementary beam | |
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Design criteria | |
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Preliminary design of a ladder rung | |
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Preliminary design considerations for a ladder rung | |
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Preliminary design of a ladder rung for stiffness | |
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Preliminary design of a ladder rung for strength | |
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Closing remarks on mathematics, physics, and design | |
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Notes | |
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Engineering Economics in Design How much is this going to cost? | |
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Cost estimation: How much does this particular design cost? | |
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Labor, materials, and overhead costs | |
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Economies of scale: Do we make it or buy it? | |
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The cost of design and the cost of the designed device | |
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The time value of money | |
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Closing considerations on engineering and economics | |
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Notes | |
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Design for Production, Use, and Sustainability What other factors influence the design process? | |
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Design for production: Can this design be made? | |
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Design for manufacturing (DFM) | |
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Design for assembly (DFA) | |
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The bill of materials and production | |
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Design for use: How long will this design work? | |
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Reliability | |
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Maintainability | |
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Design for sustainability: What about the environment? | |
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Environmental issues and design | |
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Global climate change | |
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Environmental life-cycle assessments | |
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Notes | |
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Design Teams, Team Management, and Ethics in Design | |
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Design Team Dynamics We can do this together, as a team! | |
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Forming design teams | |
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Stages of group formation | |
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Team dynamics and design process activities | |
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Constructive conflict: Enjoying a good fight | |
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Leading design teams | |
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Leadership and membership in teams | |
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Personal behavior and roles in team settings | |
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Notes | |
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Managing a Design Project What do you want? When do you want it? How much are we going to spend? | |
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Getting started: Establishing the managerial needs of a project | |
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Tools for managing a project's scope | |
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Team charters | |
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Work breakdown structures | |
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The team calendar: A tool for managing a project's schedule | |
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The budget: A tool for managing a project's spending | |
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Monitoring and controlling projects: Measuring a project's progress | |
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Managing the end of a project | |
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Notes | |
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Ethics in Design Design is not just a technical matter | |
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Ethics: Understanding obligations | |
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Codes of ethics: What are our professional obligations? | |
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Obligations may start with the client… | |
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… But what about the public and the profession? | |
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On engineering practice and the welfare of the public | |
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Ethics: Always a part of engineering practice | |
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Notes | |
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Appendices | |
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Practical Aspects of Prototyping | |
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Working safely in a shop | |
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Selecting materials | |
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Building techniques | |
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Selecting a fastener | |
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Fastening wood | |
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Fastening polymers | |
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Fastening metals | |
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What size temporary fastener should I choose? | |
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Notes | |
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Practical Aspects of Engineering Drawing | |
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Dimensioning | |
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Orthographic views | |
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Metric versus inch dimensioning | |
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Line types | |
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Orienting, spacing, and placing dimensions | |
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Types of dimensions | |
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Some best practices of dimensioning | |
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Geometric tolerancing | |
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The 14 geometric tolerances | |
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Feature control frames | |
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Material condition modifiers | |
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Datums | |
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Position tolerance | |
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Fasteners | |
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How do I know my part meets the specifications in my drawing? | |
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Notes | |
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Exercises | |
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References and Bibliography | |
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Index | |