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Foreword | |
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Introduction | |
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Assessment Test | |
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Overview of Wireless Standards, Organizations, and Fundamentals | |
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History of WLAN | |
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Standards Organizations | |
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Federal Communications Commission | |
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International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector | |
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | |
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Internet Engineering Task Force | |
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Wi-Fi Alliance | |
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International Organization for Standardization | |
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Core, Distribution, and Access | |
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Communications Fundamentals | |
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Understanding Carrier Signals | |
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Understanding Keying Methods | |
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Summary | |
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Exam Essentials | |
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Review Questions | |
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Radio Frequency Fundamentals | |
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What Is a Radio Frequency Signal? | |
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Radio Frequency Characteristics | |
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Wavelength | |
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Frequency | |
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Amplitude | |
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Phase | |
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Radio Frequency Behaviors | |
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Wave Propagation | |
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Absorption | |
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Reflection | |
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Scattering | |
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Refraction | |
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Diffraction | |
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Loss (Attenuation) | |
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Free Space Path Loss | |
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Multipath | |
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Gain (Amplification) | |
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Summary | |
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Exam Essentials | |
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Review Questions | |
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Radio Frequency Components, Measurements, and Mathematics | |
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RF Components | |
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Transmitter | |
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Antenna | |
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Receiver | |
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Intentional Radiator (IR) | |
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Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power | |
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Units of Power and Comparison | |
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Watt | |
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Milliwatt (mW) | |
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Decibel (dB) | |
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dBi | |
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dBd | |
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dBm | |
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Inverse Square Law | |
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RF Mathematics | |
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Rule of 10s and 3s | |
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Noise Floor | |
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Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) | |
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Received Signal Strength Indicator | |
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Link Budget | |
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Fade Margin/System Operating Margin | |
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Summary | |
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Exam Essentials | |
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Review Questions | |
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Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts | |
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Azimuth and Elevation Charts | |
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(Antenna Radiation Envelopes) | |
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Interpreting Polar Charts | |
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Beamwidth | |
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Antenna Types | |
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Omnidirectional Antennas | |
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Semidirectional Antennas | |
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Highly Directional Antennas | |
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Sector Antennas | |
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Antenna Arrays | |
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Visual Line of Sight | |
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RF Line of Sight | |
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Fresnel Zone | |
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Earth Bulge | |
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Antenna Polarization | |
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Antenna Diversity | |
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Multiple-Input Multiple-Output | |
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MIMO Antennas | |
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Indoor MIMO Antennas | |
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Outdoor MIMO Antennas | |
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Antenna Connection and Installation | |
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Voltage Standing Wave Ratio | |
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Signal Loss | |
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Antenna Mounting | |
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Antenna Accessories | |
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Cables | |
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Connectors | |
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Splitters | |
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Amplifiers | |
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Attenuators | |
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Lightning Arrestors | |
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Grounding Rods and Wires | |
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Summary | |
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Exam Essentials | |
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Review Questions | |
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IEEE 802.11 Standards | |
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Original IEEE 802.11 Standard | |
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IEEE 802.11-2007 Ratified Amendments | |
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802.11b | |
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802.11a | |
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802.11g | |
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802.11d | |
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802.11h | |
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802.11i | |
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802.11j | |
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802.11e | |
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Post 2007 Ratified Amendments | |
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802.11r-2008 | |
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802.11k-2008 | |
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802.11y-2008 | |
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802.11w-2009 | |
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802.11n-2009 | |
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802.11z-2010 | |
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802.11u-2011 | |
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802.11v-2011 | |
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802.11s-2011 | |
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IEEE 802.11 Draft Amendments | |
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802.11p | |
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802.11aa | |
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802.11ac | |
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802.11ad | |
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802.11ae | |
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802.11af | |
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802.11ah | |
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Defunct Amendments | |
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802.11F | |
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802.11T | |
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802.11m Task Group | |
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Summary | |
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Exam Essentials | |
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Review Questions | |
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Wireless Networks and Spread Spectrum Technologies | |
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Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Bands | |
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900 MHz ISM Band | |
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2.4 GHz ISM Band | |
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5.8 GHz ISM Band | |
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Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure Bands | |
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UNII-1 (Lower Band) | |
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UNII-2 (Middle Band) | |
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UNII-2 Extended | |
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UNII-3 (Upper Band) | |
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3.6 GHz Band | |
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4.9 GHz Band | |
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Future Wi-Fi Frequencies | |
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60 GHz | |
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White-Fi | |
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Narrowband and Spread Spectrum | |
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Multipath Interference | |
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Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum | |
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Hopping Sequence | |
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Dwell Time | |
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Hop Time | |
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Modulation | |
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Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum | |
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DSSS Data Encoding | |
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Modulation | |
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Packet Binary Convolutional Code | |
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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing | |
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Convolutional Coding | |
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Modulation | |
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2.4 GHz Channels | |
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5 GHz Channels | |
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Adjacent, Nonadjacent, and Overlapping Channels | |
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Throughput vs. Bandwidth | |
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Communication Resilience | |
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Summary | |
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Exam Essentials | |
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Review Questions | |
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Wireless LAN Topologies | |
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Wireless Networking Topologies | |
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Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) | |
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Wireless Metropolitan Area | |
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Network (WMAN) | |
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Wireless Personal Area Network | |
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Wireless Local Area Network | |
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802.11 Topologies | |
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Access Point | |
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Client Station | |
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Integration Service | |
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Distribution System | |
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Wireless Distribution System | |
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Service Set Identifier | |
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Basic Service Set | |
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Basic Service Set Identifier | |
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Basic Service Area | |
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Extended Service Set | |
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Independent Basic Service Set | |
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Mesh Basic Service Set | |
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802.11 Configuration Modes | |
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Access Point Modes | |
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Client Station Modes | |
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Summary | |
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Exam Essentials | |
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Review Questions | |
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802.11 Medium Access | |
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CSMA/CA vs. CSMA/CD | |
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Collision Detection | |
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Distributed Coordination Function | |
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Interframe Space (IFS) | |
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Duration/ID Field | |
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Carrier Sense | |
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Random Back-off Timer | |
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Point Coordination Function | |
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Hybrid Coordination Function | |
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Enhanced Distributed Channel Access | |
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HCF Controlled Channel Access | |
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Block Acknowledgment | |
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Wi-Fi Multimedia | |
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Airtime Fairness | |
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Summary | |
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Exam Essentials | |
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Review Questions | |
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802.11 MAC Architecture | |
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Packets, Frames, and Bits | |
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Data-Link Layer | |
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MAC Service Data Unit | |
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MAC Protocol Data Unit | |
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Physical Layer | |
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PLCP Service Data Unit | |
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PLCP Protocol Data Unit | |
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802.11 and 802.3 Interoperability | |
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Three 802.11 Frame Types | |
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Management Frames | |
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Control Frames | |
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Data Frames | |
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Beacon Management Frame | |
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Passive Scanning | |
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Active Scanning | |
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Authentication | |
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Open System Authentication | |
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Shared Key Authentication | |
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Association | |
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Authentication and Association States | |
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Basic and Supported Rates | |
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Roaming | |
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Reassociation | |
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Disassociation | |
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Deauthentication | |
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ACK Frame | |
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Fragmentation | |
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Protection Mechanism | |
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RTS/CTS | |
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CTS-to-Self | |
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Data Frames | |
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Power Management | |
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Active Mode | |