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Preface | |
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Power Systems: A Changing Landscape | |
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Nature of Power Systems | |
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Changing Landscape of Power Systems and Utility Deregulation | |
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Topics in Power Systems | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Review of Basic Electric Circuits and Electromagnetic Concepts | |
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Introduction [1] | |
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Phasor Representation in Sinusoidal Steady State | |
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Power, Reactive Power, and Power Factor | |
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Three-Phase Circuits | |
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Real and Reactive Power Transfer Between AC Systems | |
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Apparatus Ratings, Base Values, and Per-Unit Quantities | |
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Energy Efficiencies of Power System Apparatus | |
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Electromagnetic Concepts | |
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Reference | |
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Problems | |
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Electric Energy and the Environment | |
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Introduction | |
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Choices and Consequences | |
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Hydro Power | |
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Fossil FuelBased Power Plants | |
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Nuclear Power | |
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Renewable Energy | |
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Distributed Generation (DG) | |
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Environmental Consequences and Remedial Actions | |
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Resource Planning | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Ac Transmission Lines and Underground Cables | |
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Need for Transmission Lines and Cables | |
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Overhead AC Transmission Lines | |
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Transposition of Transmission Line Phases | |
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Transmission Lines Parameters | |
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Distributed-Parameter Representation of Transmission Lines in Sinusoidal Steady State | |
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Surge Impedance Zc and the Surge Impedance Loading (SII) | |
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Lumped Transmission Line Models in Steady State | |
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Cables [8] | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Long Transmission Lines | |
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Power Flow in Power System Networks | |
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Introduction | |
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Description of the Power System | |
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Example Power System | |
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Building the Admittance Matrix | |
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Basic Power Flow Equations | |
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Newton-Raphson Procedure | |
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Solution of Power Flow Equations Using N-R Method | |
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Fast Decoupled N-R Method for Power Flow | |
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Sensitivity Analysis | |
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Reaching the Bus Var Limit | |
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Synchronized Phasor Measurements, Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), and Wide-Area Measurement Systems | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Gauss-Seidel Procedure for Power Flow Calculations | |
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Transformers in Power Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Basic Principles of Transformer Operation | |
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Simplified Transformer Model | |
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Per-Unit Representation | |
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Transformer Efficiencies and Leakage Reactances | |
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Regulation in Transformers | |
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Auto-Transformers | |
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Phase-Shift Introduced by Transformers | |
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Three-Winding Transformers | |
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Three-Phase Transformers | |
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Representing Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios, Taps, and Phase-Shift | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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High Voltage DC (HVDC) Transmission Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Power Semiconductor Devices and Their Capabilities | |
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HVDC Transmission Systems | |
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Current-Link HVDC Systems | |
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Voltage-Link HVDC Systems | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Distribution System, Loads, and Power Quality | |
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Introduction | |
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Distribution Systems | |
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Power System Loads | |
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Power Quality Considerations | |
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Load Management [6,7] and Smart Grid | |
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Price of Electricity [3] | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Synchronous Generators | |
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Introduction | |
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Structure | |
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Induced EMF in the Stator Windings | |
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Power Output, Stability, and the Loss of Synchronism | |
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Field Excitation Control to Adjust Reactive Power | |
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Field Exciters for Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) | |
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Synchronous, Transient, and Subtransient Reactances | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Voltage Regulation and Stability in Power Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Radial System as an Example | |
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Voltage Collapse | |
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Prevention of Voltage Instability | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Transient and Dynamic Stability of Power Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Principle of Transient Stability | |
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Transient Stability Evaluation in Large Systems | |
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Dynamic Stability | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Inertia, Torque and Acceleration in Rotating Systems | |
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Control of Interconnected Power System and Economic Dispatch | |
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Control Objectives | |
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Voltage Control by Controlling Excitation and the Reactive Power | |
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Automatic Generation Control (AGC) | |
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Economic Dispatch and Optimum Power Flow | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Transmission Line Faults, Relaying, and Circuit Breakers | |
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Causes of Transmission Line Faults | |
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Symmetrical Components for Fault Analysis | |
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Types of Faults | |
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System Impedances for Fault Calculations | |
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Calculation of Fault Currents in Large Networks | |
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Protection against Short-Circuit Faults | |
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References | |
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Problems | |
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Transient Overvoltages, Surge Protection, and Insulation Coordination | |
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Introduction | |
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Causes of Overvoltages | |
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Transmission Line Characteristics and Representation | |
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Insulation to Withstand Overvoltages | |
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Surge Arresters and Insulation Coordination | |
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References | |
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Problems | |