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Principles of Centrifugal Process Pumps | |
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Pump performance: Head and flow | |
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Operation at zero flow | |
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Impellers and rotors | |
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The meaning of specific speed | |
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Process pump types | |
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Process pump mechanical response to flow changes | |
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Recirculation and cavitation | |
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The importance of suction specific speed | |
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What we have learned | |
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References | |
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Pump Selection and Industry Standards | |
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Why insist on better pumps | |
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ANSI and ISO versus API pumps | |
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What we have learned | |
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References | |
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Foundations and Base Plates | |
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Securing pumps in place-with one exception | |
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Why not to install pump sets in the as-shipped condition | |
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Conventional versus pre-filled base plate installations | |
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Epoxy prefilled base plates | |
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How to proceed if there is no access to specialist firms | |
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What we have learned: Checklist of foundation and base plate topics | |
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References | |
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Piping, Stationary Seals, and Gasketing | |
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Pipe installation and support | |
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Sliding supports and installation sequence deserve special attention | |
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Monitoring pipe stress while bolting up | |
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Flange leakage | |
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What to do prior to gasket insertion | |
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Spiral wound and kammprofile gaskets | |
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Pipe, hydraulic tubing, or flexible connections? | |
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Gusseting | |
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Concentric versus eccentric reducers | |
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Vibration problems in piping | |
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What we have learned on piping and gasketing topics References | |
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Rolling Element Bearings | |
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Bearing selection overview and windage as a design problem | |
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Radial versus axial (thrust) bearings | |
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Oil levels, multiple bearings, and different bearing orientations | |
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Upgrading and retrofit opportunities | |
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Bearing cages | |
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Bearing preload and clearance effects | |
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Bearing dimensions and mounting tolerances | |
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What we have learned | |
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References | |
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Lubricant Application and Cooling Considerations | |
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Lubricant level and oil application | |
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Issues with oil rings | |
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Pressure and temperature balance in bearing housings | |
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Cooling not needed on pumps with rolling element bearings | |
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Oil delivery by constant level lubricators | |
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Black oil | |
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Lube application as oil mist (oil fog) | |
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Desiccant breathers and expansion chambers | |
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What we have learned | |
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References | |
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Lubricant Types and Key Properties | |
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Lubricant viscosities | |
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When and why high film strength synthetic lubricants are used | |
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Lubricants for oil mist systems | |
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What we have learned | |
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References | |
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Bearing Housing Protection and Cost Justification | |
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Noncontacting bearing protector seals | |
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Contacting bearing protector seals | |
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How venting and housing pressurization affect bearing protector seal performance | |
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Cost justification overview | |
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Advanced bearing housing (bearing protector) seal summary | |
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What we have learned | |
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References | |
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Mechanical Sealing Options for Long Life | |
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Still using packing? | |
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General overview of mechanical seals | |
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All flush plans have advantages and disadvantages | |
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Always obtain the full picture | |
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Seal chamber pumping ring (circulating device) technologies | |
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Lessons apply to many services | |
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What we have learned | |
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Bibliography | |
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Pump Operation | |
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Starting centrifugal pumps | |
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Surveillance of pump operation | |
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Centrifugal pump shutdown | |
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What we have learned | |
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Impeller Modifications and Pump Maintenance | |
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Maintenance essentials | |
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Superior maintenance requires upgrading | |
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Impeller upgrading with inducers | |
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Distance from impeller tip to stationary internal casing components | |
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Impeller trimming | |
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Impeller wear rings | |
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Vane tip overfiling and underfiling | |
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What we have learned | |
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References | |
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Lubrication Management | |
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How bad is water contamination? | |
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Avoid solids contamination | |
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Avoid questionable storage and transfer practices | |
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Periodic audits | |
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What we have learned | |
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References | |
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Pump Condition Monitoring: Pump Vibration, Rotor Balance, and Effect on Bearing Life | |
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Vibration and its effect on bearing life | |
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Monitoring methods differ | |
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Vibration acceptance limits | |
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Causes of excessive vibration | |
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Rotor balancing | |
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What we have learned | |
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References | |
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Drivers, Couplings, and Alignment | |
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Driver selection | |
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Coupling selection and installation | |
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Installation and removal | |
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Alignment and quality criteria | |
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Consequences of misalignment | |
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Thermal rise and predefinition of growth | |
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What we have learned | |
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References | |
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Fits, Dimensions, and Related Misunderstandings | |
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Low incremental cost of better pumps | |
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Pump pedestals and bearing housings should not be water-cooled | |
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Summary of bearing-related issues | |
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Constant level lubricators | |
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Bearing housing protector seals ("bearing isolators") | |
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Motor lubrication summary | |
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Mechanical seal issues | |
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Hydraulic issues | |
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Impeller hydraulics | |
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Mechanical improvement or upgrade options | |
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Process pump repair dimensions | |
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What we have learned | |
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References | |
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Failure Statistics and Structured Failure Analysis | |
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Mean rime between failures (MTBF) and repair cost calculations | |
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Performing your own projected MTBF calculations | |
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Older pumps versus newer pumps | |
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Reliability reviews start before purchase | |
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Structured failure analysis strategies solve problems | |
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The "FRETT" approach to eradicating repeat failures of pumps | |
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What we have learned | |
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References | |
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Index | |