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| A Guide to Writing About Literature | |
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| Reading and Writing about Literature | |
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| Reading Literature | |
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| Previewing | |
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| Highlighting | |
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| CHECKLIST: Using Highlighting Symbols | |
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| MAYA ANGELOU, “My Arkansas“ | |
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| Annotating | |
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| Writing about Literature | |
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| Planning an Essay | |
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| Drafting an Essay | |
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| Revising and Editing an Essay | |
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| CHECKLIST: Using Sources | |
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| CHECKLIST: Conventions of Writing about Literature | |
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| Three Model Student Papers | |
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| Student Paper: “The Secret Lion“: Everything Changes | |
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| Student Paper: Digging for Memories | |
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| Student Paper: Desperate Measures: Acts of Defiance in “Trifles“ | |
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| Writing Literary Arguments | |
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| Planning a Literary Argument | |
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| Choosing a Topic | |
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| Developing an Argumentative Thesis | |
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| CHECKLIST: Developing an Argumentative Thesis | |
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| Defining Your Terms | |
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| Considering Your Audience | |
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| Refuting Opposing Arguments | |
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| Using Evidence Effectively | |
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| Supporting Your Literary Argument | |
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| Establishing Credibility | |
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| Being Fair | |
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| CHECKLIST: Being Fair | |
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| Using Visuals as Evidence | |
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| Organizing a Literary Argument | |
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| Writing a Literary Argument | |
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| Student Paper: The Politics of “Everyday Use“ | |
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| Student Paper: The Literary Merit of Video Games | |
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| Documenting Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism | |
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| Avoiding Plagiarism | |
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| Document All Material That Requires Documentation | |
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| Enclose Borrowed Words in Quotation Marks | |
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| Do Not Imitate a Source's Syntax and Phrasing | |
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| Differentiate Your Words from Those of Your Source | |
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| CHECKLIST: Avoiding Unintentional Plagiarism | |
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| Documenting Sources | |
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| Parenthetical References in the Text | |
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| CHECKLIST: Guidelines for Punctuating Parenthetical References | |
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| The Works-Cited List | |
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| Content Notes | |
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| Fiction | |
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| Understanding Fiction | |
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| Origins of Modern Fiction | |
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| The History of the Novel | |
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| The History of the Short Story | |
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| Defining the Short Story | |
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| ERNEST HEMINGWAY, “Hills Like White Elephants“ | |
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| The Boundaries of Fiction | |
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| Fiction Sampler: The Short-Short Story | |
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| JULIA ALVAREZ, “Snow“ | |
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| *BONNIE JO CAMPBELL, “Sleep-over“ | |
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| *SANDRA CISNEROS, “Pil�n“ | |
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| AMANDA HOLZER, “Love and Other Catastrophes: A Mix Tape“ | |
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| JAMAICA KINCAID, “Girl“ | |
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| *AUGUSTO MONTERROSO, “The Eclipse“ | |
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| Writing Suggestions: The Short-Short Story | |
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| Fiction Sampler: Graphic Fiction | |
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| *LYND WARD, “The Girl“ | |
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| *ART SPIEGELMAN, from “Maus“ | |
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| MARJANE SATRAPI, from “Persepolis“ | |
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| LYNDA BARRY, “Two Questions“ | |
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| Writing Suggestions: Graphic Fiction | |
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| Plot | |
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| Conflict | |
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| Stages of Plot | |
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| Order and Sequence | |
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| CHECKLIST: Writing about Plot | |
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| KATE CHOPIN, “The Story of an Hour“ | |
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| *NEIL GAIMAN, “How to Talk to Girls at Parties“ | |
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| WILLIAM FAULKNER, “A Rose for Emily“ | |
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| Writing Suggestions: Plot | |
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| Dick Pothier and Thomas J | |
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| GIBBONS JR, “A Woman's Wintry Death Leads to a Long-Dead Friend“ | |
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| Character | |
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| Round and Flat Characters | |
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| Dynamic and Static Characters | |
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| Motivation | |
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| CHECKLIST: Writing about Character | |
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| John Updike, “A&P“ | |
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| KATHERINE MANSFIELD, “Miss Brill“ | |
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| CHARLES BAXTER, “Gryphon“ | |
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| *LAN SAMANTHA CHANG, “Hangzhou 1925“ | |
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| Writing Suggestions: Character | |
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| Setting | |
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| Historical Setting | |
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| Geographical Setting | |
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| Physical Setting | |
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| CHECKLIST: Writing about Setting | |
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| KATE CHOPIN, “The Storm“ | |
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| SHERMAN J | |
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| ALEXIE, “This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona“ | |
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| TILLIE OLSEN, “I Stand Here Ironing“ | |
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| Writing Suggestions: Setting | |
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| Point of View | |
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| First-Person Narrators | |
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| Unreliable Narrators | |
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| Third-Person Narrators | |
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| Omniscient Narrators | |
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| Limited Omniscient Narrators | |
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| Objective Narrators | |
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| Selecting an Appropriate Point of View | |
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| CHECKLIST: Selecting an Appropriate Point of View: Review | |
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| CHECKLIST: Writing about Point of View | |
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| RICHARD WRIGHT, “Big Black Good Man“ | |
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| EDGAR ALLAN POE, “The Cask of Amontillado“ | |
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| WILLIAM FAULKNER, “Barn Burning“ | |
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| EDWIDGE DANTICAT, “New York Day Women“ | |
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| Writing Suggestions: Point of View | |
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| Style, Tone, and Language | |
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| Style and Tone | |
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| The Uses of Language | |
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| Formal and Informal Diction | |
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| Imagery | |
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| Figures of Speech | |
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| CHECKLIST: Writing about Style, Tone, and Language | |
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| JAMES JOYCE, “Araby“ | |
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| (MARY) FLANNERY O'CONNOR, “A Good Man Is Hard to Find“ | |
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| TIM O'BRIEN, “The Things They Carried“ | |
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| Writing Suggestions: Style, Tone, and Lang | |