| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
| Professional Identity of the Counselor | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is Counseling and Who Is the Counselor? | |
| |
| |
| Defining Counseling | |
| |
| |
| Counselors and Related Mental Health Professionals | |
| |
| |
| Counselors | |
| |
| |
| Related Non-Counseling Professionals | |
| |
| |
| Overview of Counselors and Related Mental Health Professionals | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Professional Associations in Counseling and Related Fields | |
| |
| |
| Importance of Professional Associations | |
| |
| |
| The American Counseling Association | |
| |
| |
| Membership Benefits of ACA | |
| |
| |
| Divisions of ACA | |
| |
| |
| Branches and Regions of ACA | |
| |
| |
| Professional Partners to ACA | |
| |
| |
| Professional Associations in Related Mental Health Professions | |
| |
| |
| The American Art Therapy Association (AATA) | |
| |
| |
| The American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT) | |
| |
| |
| The American Association of Pastoral Counselors (AAPC) | |
| |
| |
| The American Psychiatric Association (APA) | |
| |
| |
| The American Psychiatric Nurses Association (APNA) | |
| |
| |
| The American Psychological Association (APA) | |
| |
| |
| The National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) | |
| |
| |
| The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) | |
| |
| |
| The National Organization for Human Services (NOHS) | |
| |
| |
| The National Rehabilitation Counseling Association (NRCA) | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Characteristics of the Effective Counselor | |
| |
| |
| Does Counseling Work? | |
| |
| |
| The Nine Characteristics of the Effective Counselor | |
| |
| |
| Empathy | |
| |
| |
| Acceptance | |
| |
| |
| Genuineness | |
| |
| |
| Embracing a Wellness Perspective | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Competence | |
| |
| |
| The "It Factor" | |
| |
| |
| Compatibility With and Belief in a Theory | |
| |
| |
| Competence | |
| |
| |
| Cognitive Complexity | |
| |
| |
| Final Thoughts | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| History and Current Trends in the Counseling Profession | |
| |
| |
| |
| Predecessors to the Counseling Profession: From Antiquity to Early Social Work, Psychology, and Psychiatry | |
| |
| |
| Understanding the Human Condition: From Early Antiquity to the Modern Era | |
| |
| |
| A Brief History of Social Work | |
| |
| |
| Historical Background | |
| |
| |
| Social Work's Influence on the Counseling Profession | |
| |
| |
| A Brief History of Psychology | |
| |
| |
| Historical Background | |
| |
| |
| Psychology's Influence on the Counseling Profession | |
| |
| |
| A Brief History of Psychiatry | |
| |
| |
| Historical Background | |
| |
| |
| Psychiatry's Influence on the Counseling Profession | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| A Lot of Names and Dates to Learn | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| History of the Counseling Profession | |
| |
| |
| Vocational Guidance in the 1800s | |
| |
| |
| The First Vocational and Guidance Counselors: Early 1900s | |
| |
| |
| The Expansion of the Testing Movement: 1900-1950 | |
| |
| |
| The Spread of Psychotherapy and Its Impact on Counseling: 1900-1950 | |
| |
| |
| Emergence, Expansion, and Diversification: The 1950s | |
| |
| |
| Increased Diversification: The 1960s | |
| |
| |
| Continued Proliferation of the Counseling Field: The 1970s | |
| |
| |
| Recent Changes in the Field: 1980-2000 | |
| |
| |
| The New Millennium: 2000 and On | |
| |
| |
| A Lot of Names and Dates to Learn | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Current Issues and Future Trends in the Counseling Profession | |
| |
| |
| Counseling | |
| |
| |
| Crisis, Disaster, and Trauma Counseling | |
| |
| |
| Life-Coaching | |
| |
| |
| Genetic Counseling | |
| |
| |
| Adaptations to the Classic Counseling Approaches | |
| |
| |
| Radical New Approaches | |
| |
| |
| Technology | |
| |
| |
| Computers and Related Technologies | |
| |
| |
| Counseling Online | |
| |
| |
| Guidelines for Internet Counseling and Other Technologies | |
| |
| |
| Trends in Health Management | |
| |
| |
| Managed Care | |
| |
| |
| Psychopharmacology | |
| |
| |
| DSM and Diagnosis | |
| |
| |
| Changing Standards | |
| |
| |
| Ethical Code | |
| |
| |
| Credentialing | |
| |
| |
| Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) | |
| |
| |
| International Registry of Counsellor Education Programs (IRCEP) | |
| |
| |
| Multicultural Counseling and Advocacy Competencies | |
| |
| |
| Professional Issues | |
| |
| |
| Division Expansion and Division Autonomy | |
| |
| |
| A Push Toward Unity: The 20/20 Vision Statement | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Standards in the Counseling Profession | |
| |
| |
| |
| Accreditation in Counseling and Related Fields | |
| |
| |
| A Brief History of CACREP | |
| |
| |
| Benefits of Accreditation | |
| |
| |
| A Quick Overview of CACREP Standards | |
| |
| |
| Master's-Level Standards | |
| |
| |
| Doctoral-Level Standards | |
| |
| |
| Final Thoughts on CACREP Accreditation | |
| |
| |
| Other Accrediting Bodies | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Credentialing in Counseling and Related Fields | |
| |
| |
| A Brief History of Credentialing | |
| |
| |
| Benefits of Credentialing | |
| |
| |
| Types of Credentialing | |
| |
| |
| Registration | |
| |
| |
| Certification | |
| |
| |
| Licensure | |
| |
| |
| Credentialing for Counselors | |
| |
| |
| Counselor Licensure | |
| |
| |
| National Counselor Certification | |
| |
| |
| Specialty Certifications in Counseling | |
| |
| |
| Credentialed School Counselors | |
| |
| |
| Counselor Credentialing: A Unifying Force | |
| |
| |
| Credentialing in Related Graduate-Level Helping Professions | |
| |
| |
| Social Work Credentialing | |
| |
| |
| Psychology Credentialing | |
| |
| |
| Couple, Marriage, and Family Therapy Credentialing | |
| |
| |
| Psychiatry Credentialing | |
| |
| |
| Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Credentialing | |
| |
| |
| Art Therapy, Pastoral Counseling, and Other Certifications | |
| |
| |
| Overview | |
| |
| |
| Lobbying for Credentialing and Counseling-Related Issues | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ethics in Counseling | |
| |
| |
| Defining Values, Ethics, Morality, and Their Relationship to the Law | |
| |
| |
| The Development of and Need for Ethical Codes | |
| |
| |
| Codes of Ethics in the Helping Professions | |
| |
| |
| ACA's Ethics Code: A Brief Overview | |
| |
| |
| Related Ethical Codes and Standards | |
| |
| |
| Ethical Hot Spots for Counselors | |
| |
| |
| Resolving Ethical Dilemmas: Models of Ethical Decision-Making | |
| |
| |
| Problem-Solving Models | |
| |
| |
| Moral Models (Principle and Virtue Ethics) | |
| |
| |
| Social Constructionist Perspective | |
| |
| |
| Developmental Models | |
| |
| |
| Summarizing and Integrating the Models | |
| |
| |
| Reporting Ethical Violations | |
| |
| |
| Legal Issues Related to Ethical Violations | |
| |
| |
| Civil and Criminal Liability | |
| |
| |
| The Role of Ethical Codes in Lawsuits | |
| |
| |
| Malpractice Insurance | |
| |
| |
| Avoiding Lawsuits: Best Practices | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Multicultural Counseling and Social Justice Work: The Fourth and Fifth Forces | |
| |
| |
| Defining Multicultural Counseling and Social Justice Work | |
| |
| |
| Why Multicultural Counseling? | |
| |
| |
| Counseling Is Not Working for a Large Segment of Our Population | |
| |
| |
| Some Definitions | |
| |
| |
| Culture | |
| |
| |
| Discrimination and Microagressions | |
| |
| |
| Ethnicity | |
| |
| |
| Minority and Nondominant Groups | |
| |
| |
| Power Differentials | |
| |
| |
| Race | |
| |
| |
| Religion and Spirituality | |
| |
| |
| Sexism, Heterosexism, and Sexual Prejudice | |
| |
| |
| Sexual Orientation | |
| |
| |
| Social Class (Class) | |
| |
| |
| Prejudice, Stereotypes, and Racism | |
| |
| |
| Conceptual Models Toward Understanding Cultural Identity | |
| |
| |
| The RESPECTFUL Acronym | |
| |
| |
| Tripartite Model of Personal Identity | |
| |
| |
| Developmental Models of Cultural/Racial Identity | |
| |
| |
| Multicultural Counseling and Social Justice Competencies | |
| |
| |
| The Multicultural Counseling Competencies | |
| |
| |
| The Advocacy Competencies | |
| |
| |
| The Fourth and Fifth Forces | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Afterword: Applying to Graduate School and Finding a Job | |
| |
| |
| Select Items to Consider When Choosing a Program or Finding a Job | |
| |
| |
| The Application Process | |
| |
| |
| The R�sum� | |
| |
| |
| The Portfolio | |
| |
| |
| Locating a Graduate Program/Finding a Job | |
| |
| |
| Finding a Graduate Program | |
| |
| |
| Finding a Job | |
| |
| |
| Being Chosen, Being Denied | |
| |
| |
| Moving Ahead | |
| |
| |
| |
| Multicultural Counseling Competencies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Advocacy Competencies | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Index | |