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| Preface | |
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| The Plan of This Book | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Foundations | |
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| Trauma | |
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| Trauma Happens | |
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| Types of Trauma | |
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| Varieties of Man-Made Trauma | |
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| Severity of Trauma | |
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| The Eye of the Beholder | |
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| Not All Symptoms Come From Trauma | |
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| Not All Trauma Leads to Symptoms | |
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| Development | |
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| Derailed Development | |
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| Complex Effects and Vicious Circles | |
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| Rerailed Development | |
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| Before the Cradle | |
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| Trauma and the Nervous System | |
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| Effects of Trauma | |
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| Attachment | |
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| The Foundation of Development | |
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| The Secure Base | |
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| The Strange Situation | |
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| Secure Attachment | |
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| Insecure Attachment | |
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| Disorganized Attachment | |
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| Reciprocity and Vicious Circles | |
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| Attachment Beyond Infancy | |
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| Disruption of Attachment by Trauma | |
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| Attachment and Regulation of Arousal | |
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| Restoring Security | |
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| Emotion | |
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| Anxiety, Fear, and Panic | |
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| Anger and Aggression | |
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| Shame and Guilt | |
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| Depression | |
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| Temperament and Personality | |
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| Establishing Emotional Control | |
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| Consciousness | |
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| Escaping the Inescapable | |
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| Shades of Consciousness | |
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| Self-Consciousness | |
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| Unconscious, Conscious, and Subconscious | |
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| Dissociation as a Blessing and a Curse | |
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| The Process of Dissociation | |
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| Back to Reality | |
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| Memory | |
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| Intrusive Memories | |
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| Memory or Fantasy? | |
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| The Pendulum Swings | |
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| How Accurate Is Autobiographical Memory? | |
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| Reasons for Traumatic Memories to Be Clouded | |
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| Amnesia | |
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| Memory Versus Fantasy: A Current Perspective | |
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| Remembering in Therapy | |
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| Self | |
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| Aspects of the Self | |
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| Self-Continuity | |
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| Self-Concept | |
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| Self-Destructiveness | |
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| Restoring Self-Esteem | |
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| Relationships | |
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| Repetition of Trauma in Relationships | |
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| Relationship Models | |
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| Traumatic Bonding | |
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| Problematic Models | |
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| Problematic Patterns | |
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| Developing New Models | |
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| Self-Dependence | |
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| Trauma-Related Psychiatric Disorders | |
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| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | |
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| A Brief History | |
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| Prevalence | |
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| Hyperarousal | |
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| Reexperiencing | |
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| Avoidance and Numbing | |
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| Variations in Course | |
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| Complex PTSD | |
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| What Causes PTSD? | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Dissociative Disorders | |
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| The Spectrum of Dissociation | |
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| Depersonalization Disorder | |
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| Dissociative Amnesia and Fugue | |
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| Dissociative Identity Disorder | |
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| Responsibility for Dissociative Behavior | |
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| Achieving Continuity and Integration | |
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| Other Disorders | |
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| Anxiety Disorders | |
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| Depressive Disorders | |
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| Substance Abuse | |
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| Somatization Disorder | |
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| Sexual Dysfunction | |
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| Eating Disorders | |
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| Borderline Personality Disorder | |
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| The Perils of Labeling | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Treatment Approaches | |
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| Safety First | |
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| Individual Psychotherapy | |
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| Cognitive-Behavior Therapy | |
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| Group Psychotherapy | |
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| Family Intervention | |
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| Medication | |
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| Hospital Treatment | |
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| Continuum of Care | |
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| Self-Regulation | |
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| Simple but Difficult | |
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| Positive Emotions | |
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| Methods of Self-Regulation | |
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| Putting It All Together | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Trauma Happens | |
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| Trauma Is One Factor Among Many | |
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| Understand Your Brain and Be Gentle on Your Mind | |
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| Safety Rests on a Secure Base | |
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| Emotions Are Adaptive | |
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| Dissociation Is a Blessing and a Curse | |
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| Your Autobiography Is a Continual Construction | |
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| Your Self-Concept Is a Compass | |
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| Outdated Relationship Models Can Be Put on Unemployment | |
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| Avoid Retraumatization | |
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| Dissociation Diminishes With Self-Expansion | |
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| Focus on Trauma Should Not Obscure Other Problems | |
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| The Goal of Treatment Is to Improve the Quality of Life | |
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| Care for Yourself and Your Nervous System | |
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| Beyond Fight or Flight | |
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| The Biology of Trauma | |
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| Gene Doings | |
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| The Biochemical Brain | |
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| The Triune Brain | |
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| The Neurophysiology of the Fight-or-Flight Response | |
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| Concluding Biological Reflections | |
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| Notes | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |