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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Introduction | |
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Where Did Invertebrates Come From? | |
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Where Do Invertebrates Live? | |
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Some Comments On Evolution | |
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A Final Introductory Message to the Reader | |
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Classification, Systematics, and Phylogeny | |
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Biological Classification | |
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Nomenclature | |
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Systematics | |
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Important Concepts and Terms | |
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Constructing Phylogenies and Classifications | |
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Animal Architecture and the Bauplan Concept | |
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Body Symmetry | |
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Cellularity, Body Size, Germ Layers, and Body Cavities | |
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Locomotion and Support | |
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Feeding Mechanisms | |
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Excretion and Osmoregulation | |
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Circulation and Gas Exchange | |
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Nervous Systems and Sense Organs | |
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Hormones and Pheromones | |
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Reproduction | |
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Animal Development, Life Histories, and Origins | |
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Eggs and Embryos | |
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Life Cycles: Sequences and Strategies | |
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The Relationships between Ontogeny and Phylogeny | |
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Origins of Major Groups of Metazoa | |
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The Protists | |
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Taxonomic History and Classification | |
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Classification of the Protista | |
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The Protist Bauplan | |
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Phylum Euglenida | |
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Phylum Kinetoplastida (The Trypanosomes and Their Relatives) | |
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Phylum Ciliophora (The Ciliates) | |
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Phylum Apicomplexa (The Gregarines, Coccidians, Haemosporidians, and Piroplasms) | |
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Phylum Dinoflagellata | |
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Phylum Stramenopila | |
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Phylum Rhizopoda (Amebas) | |
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Phylum Actinopoda | |
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Phylum Granuloreticulosa (Foraminifera and Their Kin) | |
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Phylum Diplomonadida | |
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Phylum Parabasilida (The Trichomonads and Hypermastigotes) | |
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Phylum Cryptomonada | |
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Phylum Microspora | |
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Phylum Ascetospora | |
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Phylum Choanoflagellata | |
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Phylum Chlorophyta | |
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Phylum Opalinida | |
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Genus Stephanopogon | |
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Protist Phylogeny | |
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Phylum Porifera: The Sponges | |
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Taxonomic History and Classification | |
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The Poriferan Bauplan | |
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Some Additional Aspects of Sponge Biology | |
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Poriferan Phylogeny | |
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Four Phyla of Uncertain Affinity | |
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Taxonomic History | |
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Mesozoan Bauplans | |
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Mesozoan Phylogeny | |
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Phylum Cnidaria | |
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Taxonomic History and Classification | |
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The Cnidarian Bauplan | |
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Cnidarian Phylogeny | |
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Phylum Ctenophora: The Comb Jellies | |
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Taxonomic History and Classification | |
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The Ctenophoran Bauplan | |
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Ctenophoran Phylogeny | |
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Phylum Platyhelminthes | |
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Taxonomic History and Classification | |
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The Platyhelminth Bauplan | |
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Platyhelminth Phylogeny | |
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Phylum Nemertea: The Ribbon Worms | |
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Taxonomic History and Classification | |
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The Nemertean Bauplan | |
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Nemertean Phylogeny | |
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Blastocoelomates and Other Phyla | |
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Taxonomic History | |
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The Blastocoelomate Condition | |
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Phylum Rotifera: The Rotifers | |
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Phylum Gastrotricha: The Gastrotrichs | |
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Phylum Kinorhyncha: The Kinorhynchs | |
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Phylum Nemata: The Nematodes | |
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Phylum Nematomorpha: Hair Worms and Their Kin | |
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Phylum Priapula: The Priapulans | |
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Phylum Acanthocephala: The Acanthocephalans | |
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Phylum Entoprocta: The Entroprocts | |
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Phylum Gnathostomulida: The Gnathostomulids | |
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Phylum Loricifera: The Loriciferans | |
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Phylum Cycliophora: The Cycliophorans | |
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Some Phylogenetic Considerations | |
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Phylum Annelida: The Segmented Worms | |
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Taxonomic History and Classification | |
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The Annelid Bauplan | |
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Pogonophoridae: The Beard Worms | |
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Annelid Phylogeny | |
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Sipuncula and Echiura | |
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The Sipunculans | |
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The Sipunculan Bauplan | |
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The Echiurans | |
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The Echiuran Bauplan | |
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Some Comments on Phylogeny | |
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The Emergence of the Arthropods: Onychophorans, Tardigrades, Trilobites, and the Arthropod Bauplan | |
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Phylum Onychophora | |
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Phylum Tardigrada | |
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An Introduction to the Arthropods | |
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The Trilobites (Subphylum Trilobitomorpha) | |
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The Evolution of Arthropods | |
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Phylum Arthropoda: The Crustacea | |
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Classification of the Crustacea | |
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Subphylum Crustacea | |
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Synopses of Crustacean Taxa | |
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The Crustacean Bauplan | |
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Crustacean Phylogeny | |
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Phylum Arthropoda: The Hexapoda (Insects and Their Kin) | |
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Hexapod Classification | |
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Subphylum Hexapoda | |
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Synopses of Major Hexapod Taxa | |
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The Hexapod Bauplan | |
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Hexapod Evolution | |
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Phylum Arthropoda: The Myriapods (Centipedes, Millipedes, and Their Kin) | |
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Myriapod Classification | |
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Subphylum Myriapoda | |
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Synopses of Myriapod Taxa | |
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The Myriapod Bauplan | |
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Phylum Arthropoda: The Cheliceriformes | |
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Subphylum Cheliceriformes | |
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Synopses of the Chelicerate Taxa | |
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The Chelicerate Bauplan | |
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The Class Pycnogonida | |
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The Pycnogonid Bauplan | |
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Cheliceriform Phylogeny | |
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Phylum Mollusca | |
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Taxonomic History and Classification | |
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The Molluscan Bauplan | |
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Molluscan Evolution and Phylogeny | |
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Lophophorates | |
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The Lophophorates: An Overview | |
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Taxonomic History | |
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The Lophophorate Bauplan | |
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Phylum Phoronida | |
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The Phoronid Bauplan | |
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Phylum Ectoprocta | |
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The Ectoproct Bauplan | |
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Phylum Brachiopoda | |
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The Brachiopod Bauplan | |
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Lophophorate Phylogeny | |
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Phylum Echinodermata | |
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Taxonomic History and Classification | |
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The Echinoderm Bauplan | |
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Echinoderm Phylogeny | |
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Other Deuterostomes: Chaetognatha, Hemichordata, Chordata | |
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Taxonomic History and Classification | |
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Phylum Chaetognatha: Arrow Worms | |
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The Chaetognath Bauplan | |
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Phylum Hemichordata: The Hemichordates | |
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The Hemichordate Bauplan | |
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Phylum Chordata: The Chordates | |
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The Urochordates (Tunicates) | |
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The Tunicate Bauplan | |
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The Cephalochordates | |
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The Cephalochordate Bauplan | |
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Phylogenetic Considerations | |
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Perspectives on Invertebrate Phylogeny | |
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A Word about Characters | |
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Metazoan Evolution | |
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Other Ideas about Animal Phylogeny | |
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Common Human Diseases Transmitted by Insects | |
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Data Matrix for Analysis of Metazoan Phylogeny | |
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Illustration Credits | |
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Index | |