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| Preface to the Third Edition | |
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| Search and Research for Satisfaction: An Introduction to Outdoor Recreation Research | |
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| Objectives of the Book | |
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| Research in Outdoor Recreation | |
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| Search and Research for Satisfaction | |
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| Diversity in Outdoor Recreation | |
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| Quality in Outdoor Recreation | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Social Aspects of Outdoor Recreation: Use and Users | |
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| Recreation Use and Users | |
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| Outdoor Recreation Activity | |
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| Use Distribution and Dynamics | |
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| Social Correlates of Outdoor Recreation | |
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| Cultural Influences on Outdoor Recreation | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Descriptive Aspects of Outdoor Recreation: Attitudes, Preferences, Perceptions | |
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| Visitor Attitudes and Preferences | |
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| Developed Areas | |
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| Backcountry and Wilderness Areas | |
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| Trade-offs Among Recreation Conditions | |
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| Perceptions of Environmental Impacts | |
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| Visitor Versus Manager Perceptions | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Carrying Capacity: Protecting Recreation Resources and the Visitor Experience | |
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| Origins of Carrying Capacity | |
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| Carrying Capacity and Recreation | |
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| Limits of Acceptable Change | |
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| Management Objectives and Indicators and Standards of Quality | |
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| Carrying Capacity Frameworks | |
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| The Status of Carrying Capacity | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Crowding in Outdoor Recreation: Use Level, Perceived Crowding, and Visitor Satisfaction | |
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| Concern with Crowding | |
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| Empirical Studies of Crowding | |
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| The Satisfaction Model | |
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| Testing the Satisfaction Model | |
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| Expanding the Satisfaction Model | |
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| Normative Definitions of Crowding | |
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| Methodological Issues | |
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| An Expanded Crowding Model | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Indicators and Standards of Quality: A Normative Approach | |
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| A Normative Approach | |
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| Norm Theory and Methods | |
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| Indicators of Quality | |
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| Standards of Quality | |
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| Theoretical and Methodological Issues | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Motivations and Benefits in Outdoor Recreation: A Behavioral Approach | |
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| Early Explorations | |
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| A Behavioral Approach to Recreation | |
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| Empirical Tests of the Behavioral Approach | |
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| Benefits-Based Management | |
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| Conceptual and Methodological Issues | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum: Designs for Diversity | |
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| Designs for Diversity | |
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| The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum | |
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| Linking Activities, Settings, Motivations, and Benefits | |
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| Extending the Opportunity Spectrum | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Recreation Conflict: Goal Interference and Social Values | |
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| Conflict in Outdoor Recreation | |
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| Theoretical Models | |
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| Empirical Studies of Conflict | |
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| Measuring Conflict | |
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| An Expanded Conflict Model | |
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| Managing Conflict | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Substitutability: Alternative Recreation Opportunities | |
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| The Concept of Substitutability | |
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| Activity Types | |
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| Direct Measures of Substitutability | |
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| Theory and Methods of Substitutability | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Specialization in Recreation: Experience and Related Concepts | |
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| Recreation Experience | |
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| Measures of Recreation Experience | |
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| From Experience to Specialization | |
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| Theory and Methods of Specialization | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Outdoor Recreation Places: Emotional and Symbolic Meanings | |
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| An Alternative Approach | |
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| Measures of Place Attachment and Bonding | |
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| Theoretical Considerations | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Managing Outdoor Recreation: Alternative Management Practices | |
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| Outdoor Recreation Management | |
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| Alternative Management Practices | |
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| Evaluating Management Practices | |
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| Information and Education | |
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| Use Rationing and Allocation | |
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| Other Recreation Management Practices | |
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| Status and Trends in Recreation Management | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Principles and Practices of Outdoor Recreation: Knowledge into Action | |
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| Knowledge into Action | |
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| Principles of Outdoor Recreation | |
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| A Recreation Management Framework | |
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| Observations on Recreation Management | |
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| Relating Research and Management | |
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| Evolution of Research | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Tables 6-1 and 6-2 | |
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| Notes on Sources: A Guide to the Social Science Literature in Outdoor Recreation | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |