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| Tables and Maps | |
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| Note on Transliteration and Dates | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Foreword | |
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| Introduction: The US, War and Iraqi Shi`ism | |
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| The US Perspective | |
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| The Shi`ite Perspective in Exile | |
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| The Shi`ite Perspective in Iraq | |
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| State, Nation and Islamism | |
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| Overview | |
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| The Literature | |
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| Theoretical Approaches | |
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| Major Primary Sources | |
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| Islamism, Fundamentalism, Communalism and the Nation-State | |
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| The Complexity of the Iraqi Case | |
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| The Changing Phases of Islamic Response | |
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| State, Society and Community | |
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| Genesis and Mutation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Da`wa Founding Group: Defining the Self (1960-64) | |
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| The Legitimizing Process | |
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| Social Origins and Actors | |
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| Beginnings | |
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| Conflicting Meanings | |
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| Leadership | |
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| The Nature of the Initiators | |
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| The New Generation | |
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| Social Differentiation | |
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| The Formation of the Jama`at al-`Ulama in Najaf, 1960 | |
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| Senior `Ulama | |
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| Welfare and Education | |
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| Adhwa' and the Ideological Battle | |
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| Schisms and al-Sadr's Retreat | |
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| Jama`at al-`Ulama and the Islamic Party: Sociopolitical Issues | |
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| The Da`wa Party, 1963-68: From Universalism to Particularism | |
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| The February 1963 Coups | |
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| Under `Arif | |
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| Al-Shibibi's Memorandum | |
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| The Growth of the Da`wa | |
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| Shi`ite Cultural Spaces: Marja`ism and Popular Rituals | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sacred Money | |
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| The Collector of Zakat | |
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| Defining and Redefining the Khums | |
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| Rising and Diminishing Returns | |
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| The Transmission of Knowledge: The Traditional Madrasa and its Decline | |
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| Clash of Institutions | |
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| Shi`ite Madrasa: The Drive to Autonomy | |
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| Change and Transformation: The Phase of Decline | |
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| The Madrasa: Social Group and Social Organization | |
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| The Rise and Centralization of Marja`ism | |
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| Knowledge and Power: Major Concepts | |
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| The Social, Cultural and Juristic-Theological Divide: Usuli versus Akhbari | |
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| Tendencies Towards the Centralization of Marja`ism | |
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| The Disorder of the Marja` System | |
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| Attempts at the Institutionalization of Marja`ism: Musa al-Sadr, Baqir al-Sadr, Taliqani and Khomeini | |
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| `Ashura and the Arba`in: Popular Culture and the Politicizing of Redemptive Suffering | |
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| The Example of Twaireej | |
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| Local Solidarities, Social Actors | |
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| Structure of the Muharram Ritual | |
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| Cultural Cleavage: the Daghara Example | |
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| The Arba`in Pilgrimage: Pan-Shi`ite Identity | |
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| Shi`ite Islamism and the Ba`th | |
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| From Peaceful Protest to Bloody Confrontation | |
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| The First Phase: 1968-78 | |
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| Ayatollah al-Hakim versus the Ba`th | |
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| The Execution of Da`wa Leaders | |
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| The Marad al-Ras Upheaval, February 1977: Ritual as an Instrument of Mass Politics | |
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| The Particularist-Political Model: The Origins and Structure of the MAI | |
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| Radicalization: 1979-82 | |
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| The Iranian Factor | |
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| Growing Militancy | |
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| Crackdown | |
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| The Formation and Development of SAIRI: Coercive Unification, War and Schisms, 1982-90 | |
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| The Formation of SAIRI | |
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| SAIRI's Structure | |
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| Strategy and Tactics | |
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| The Badr Army | |
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| Repercussions | |
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| Fracture Lines | |
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| Wartime, the Diaspora and the 1991 Uprisings | |
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| Iran's Failure | |
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| War and Nationalism | |
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| The Invasion of Kuwait | |
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| The Uprisings | |
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| Iraq Under Sanctions: Tribes and Religion | |
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| Ideology: Sociopolitical and Economic Doctrines | |
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| Political Theory | |
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| Reformation: Two Trends | |
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| Al-Sadr: Liberal Hierocracy | |
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| Muhammad Bahr al-`Ulum: Liberal Islamism | |
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| Socioeconomic Doctrines | |
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| New Challenges | |
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| Al-Sadr: Non-capitalist, Rightful Islamic Distributionism | |
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| Al-Mudarisi: Cooperative Islam | |
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| Shirazi: Ethical Laissez-Faire Islam, Halal and Haram | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |