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| Foreword | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| The Author | |
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| Prologue | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Identification and Individualization of Physical Evidence | |
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| Collection and Preservation of Physical Evidence | |
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| Important Considerations in Crime Scene Investigations | |
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| Guidelines for Forensic Laboratory Management Practices | |
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| Expert Witness Tips | |
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| Before Going to Court | |
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| Giving Expert Testimony | |
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| Cross Examination | |
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| Other Points | |
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| Teamwork | |
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| Professional Development | |
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| First Officer at the Crime Scene | |
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| The First Officer at the Scene | |
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| Recording the Time | |
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| Entering the Scene Proper | |
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| Protecting the Integrity of the Scene | |
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| Injured Person on the Scene | |
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| Dead Person on the Scene | |
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| Summoning the Coroner | |
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| Firearms and Ammunition on the Scene | |
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| When a Suspect Is Found at the Scene | |
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| What to Do Until Investigating Personnel Arrive | |
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| Continued Protection of the Scene | |
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| The Crime Scene Investigator | |
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| Actual Examination of the Scene | |
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| Specialized Personnel at the Crime Scene | |
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| Health and Safety Issues at Crime Scenes | |
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| Chemical or Biological Terrorist Crime Scenes | |
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| Indicators of a Possible Biological Terrorist Threat | |
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| Indicators of a Possible Chemical Terrorist Threat | |
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| Health and Safety Considerations for Crime Scene Personnel | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Processing the Crime Scene | |
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| Plan of Action | |
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| Note Taking | |
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| Crime Scene Search | |
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| Crime Scene Photography | |
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| Types of Cameras | |
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| Admissibility of Photographs | |
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| Videotape | |
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| Sketching the Crime Scene | |
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| Information Included in Crime Scene Sketches | |
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| Equipment | |
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| Types of Sketches | |
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| Locating Objects in the Sketch | |
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| Computer Programs | |
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| Admissibility of Sketches | |
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| Collection of Evidence | |
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| Establishing Identity | |
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| Fingerprints and Palm Prints | |
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| How Do Fingerprints Occur? | |
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| Where to Look for Fingerprints | |
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| Different Types of Fingerprints | |
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| Fingerprint Developing Techniques | |
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| Development with Powders | |
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| Lasers and Alternative Light Sources | |
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| Image Processing | |
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| Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems | |
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| Preservation of Fingerprints | |
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| How Long Does a Fingerprint Remain on an Object? | |
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| The Effect of Temperature Conditions on the Possibility of Developing Fingerprints | |
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| Examination of Developed Fingerprints | |
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| Palm Prints | |
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| Packing Objects on which Prints are Found | |
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| Taking Fingerprints for Elimination | |
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| Prints of Other Coverings | |
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| Handwriting Examination | |
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| Identification of Human Remains | |
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| Taking Fingerprints | |
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| Photographing | |
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| Marks of Trades or Occupations | |
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| Making a Description | |
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| The Deceased's Clothing | |
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| Laundry Marks | |
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| Watchmaker's Marks | |
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| Jewelry | |
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| Eyeglasses | |
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| Teeth | |
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| Facial Reconstruction | |
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| Determination of Gender | |
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| Determination of Age | |
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| Length of Body | |
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| Hair Color | |
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| Blood Type | |
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| Identification in Mass Disasters | |
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| Trace Evidence and Miscellaneous Material | |
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| Sources of Trace Evidence | |
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| Clothing | |
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| Footwear | |
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| Evidence from the Body | |
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| Trace Metal Detection | |
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| Other Objects as Sources of Trace Evidence | |
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| Collection and Preservation of Trace Evidence | |
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| Examples of Trace Evidence | |
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| Building Materials | |
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| Asbestos | |
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| Safe Insulation | |
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| Paint | |
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| Rust | |
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| Metals | |
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| Textiles and Fibers | |
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| Buttons | |
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| Cordage and Rope | |
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| Cigarettes and Tobacco | |
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| Matches | |
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| Burned Paper | |
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| Ash | |
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| Soil | |
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| Wood | |
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| Plant Material | |
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| Glass | |
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| Objects Left at the Crime Scene | |
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| Paper | |
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| Articles of Clothing | |
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| Product Markings | |
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| Foodstuffs | |
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| Cosmetics | |
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| Hair | |
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| Feathers | |
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| Electrical Wire | |
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| Broken Tools | |
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| Tape | |
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| Headlamps | |
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| Computer Seizure | |
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| Collecting Videotape Evidence | |
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| Determine if There Is a Videotape | |
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| Stop the Recorder | |
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| Confiscate the Tapes Immediately, Taking the Usual Chain-of-Evidence Steps | |
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| Document the Video System's Physical Relationship to the Crime Scene | |
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| Seek Technical Assistance if Problems Occur | |
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| Other Trace Evidence | |
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| Blood and Other Biological Evidence | |
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| A Word of Caution! | |
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| Universal Precautions | |
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| Bloodstain Pattern Recognition | |
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| Presumptive Tests for Blood | |
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| Searching for Bloodstains | |
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| Description and Recording of Bloodstains | |
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| Collection and Preservation of Bloodstains | |
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| Removal of Bloodstains | |
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| Bloodstained Objects | |
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| Blood Typing | |
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| Collection of Known Specimens | |
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| Forensic DNA Typing | |
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| RFLP-Based Technology | |
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| PCR-Based Technology | |
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| Mitochondrial DNA | |
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| CODIS | |
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| Forensic DNA and Unsolved Cases | |
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| SWGDAM | |
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| The Future | |
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| Impression Evidence | |
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| Footprints | |
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| The Value of Footprints | |
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| Preservation of Footwear and Tire Impressions | |
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| Footprints on Floors | |
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| Preservation of Footwear Evidence | |
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| Photographing Footwear Impressions | |
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| Casting with Dental Stone | |
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| Casting Water-Filled Impressions | |
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| Casting Impressions in Snow | |
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| Preservation of Footprints (Dust Prints) | |
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| Taking Comparison Footprints from a Suspect | |
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| Comparison of Footprints | |
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| Marks on Clothes and Parts of the Body | |
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| Fabric Marks | |
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| Tooth Marks | |
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| The Preservation of Bite Marks | |
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| Casting Material for Bite Mark Evidence | |
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| Human Skin | |
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| Foods | |
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| Tool Marks | |
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| Preservation of Tool Marks | |
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| Casting Tool Marks | |
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| Trace Evidence on Tools | |
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| Preserving a Tool | |
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| Fragments of Tools | |
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| Typed Documents | |
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| Firearms Examination | |
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| Characteristics of Firearms | |
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| Ammunition | |
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| Firearms Evidence | |
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| Gunshot Residue Analysis | |
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| Collecting Firearms Evidence | |
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| Handling of Firearms | |
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| Cartridge Cases | |
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| Bullets | |
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| Marking Bullets | |
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| Small Shot | |
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| Test Firing | |
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| Powder Pattern Examination | |
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| National Integrated Ballistic Information Network (NIBIN) | |
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| Arson and Explosives | |
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| Physical Evidence | |
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| Explosives | |
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| Low Explosives | |
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| High Explosives | |
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| Blasting Agents | |
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| Military Explosives | |
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| Homemade Explosives | |
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| Bomb Scene Investigation | |
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| Illicit Drugs and Toxicology | |
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| Psychoactive Drugs | |
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| Central Nervous System Depressants | |
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| Central Nervous System Stimulants | |
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| Hallucinogens | |
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| Crime Scene Search | |
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| Searching a Suspect | |
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| Searching a Dwelling | |
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| Searching a Vehicle | |
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| Clandestine Drug Laboratories | |
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| Collection and Preservation of Evidence | |
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| Toxicology | |
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| U.S. DEA Drug Schedule Classification | |
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| Investigating Sexual Assault and Domestic Abuse Crimes | |
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| Rape | |
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| Preliminary Interview | |
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| Medical Examination | |
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| Collection of Physical Evidence | |
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| Date-Rape Drugs | |
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| Other Sexual and Abusive Assaults | |
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| Sexual Child Molestation and Incest | |
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| Homosexual Assault | |
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| Elder Abuse | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Burglary Investigation | |
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| Points of Entry | |
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| Entry through Windows | |
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| Entry through Doors | |
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| Entry through Basement Windows and Skylights | |
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| Entry through Roofs | |
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| Entry through Walls | |
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| Entry through Floors | |
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| Simulated Burglaries | |
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| Detailed Examination of the Scene | |
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| Safe Burglaries | |
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| Safe Burglaries Using Explosives | |
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| Motor Vehicle Investigation | |
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| Vehicle Theft | |
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| Abandoned Vehicles | |
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| Homicide in a Vehicle | |
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| Hit-and-Run Investigation | |
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| Marks from Vehicles | |
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| Wheel Marks | |
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| Skid Marks | |
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| Homicide Investigation | |
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| Murder, Suicide, or Accident? | |
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| Cause of Death | |
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| Suicide | |
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| Signs of Struggle | |
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| Location of Weapon | |
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| Examination of a Dead Body at the Crime Scene | |
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| Murder | |
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| Detailed Examination of the Scene of the Crime | |
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| Outdoor Crime Scenes | |
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| Discovering a Body Hidden at Another Location | |
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| Investigation of a Greatly Altered Body or Skeleton | |
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| The Scene of Discovery | |
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| Outdoors | |
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| Indoors | |
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| Packing and Transporting | |
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| Determining the Number of Individuals | |
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| Examining Remains of Clothing and Other Objects | |
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| Clothing | |
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| Boots and Shoes | |
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| Other Objects | |
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| Estimating the Time of Death | |
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| Postmortem Signs of Death | |
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| Decomposition of the Body | |
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| Action of Insects and Other Animals on a Dead Body | |
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| Other Indications of Time of Death | |
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| The Autopsy | |
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| Injuries from External Mechanical Violence | |
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| Injuries from Sharp External Violence | |
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| Marks or Damage on Clothing | |
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| Defense Injuries | |
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| Firearm Injuries | |
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| Bullet Injuries | |
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| Close and Distant Shots | |
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| Damage to Clothes from Shooting | |
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| Modes of Death from Shooting | |
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| Explosion Injuries | |
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| Death by Suffocation | |
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| Death from Electric Currents | |
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| Violent Death in Fires | |
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| Death by Freezing | |
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| Death by Poisoning | |
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| Rape-Homicide and Sexual Assault-Related Murders | |
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| Infanticide and Child Abuse | |
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| Trunk Murder, Dismemberment of the Body | |
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| Serial Murders | |
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| Equipment for Crime Scene Investigations | |
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| Forensic Science-Related Websites | |
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| Terrorism and Domestic Preparedness Websites | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |