| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
| Historical Background | |
| |
| |
| The early days of photography | |
| |
| |
| Photographs from an aerial platform | |
| |
| |
| Early military and mapping developments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Definitions and requirements | |
| |
| |
| Vertical photography and basic photogrammetry | |
| |
| |
| Aerial oblique photography: definitions and applications | |
| |
| |
| Specifications | |
| |
| |
| |
| Air camera instrumentation | |
| |
| |
| Mapping cameras: basic requirements | |
| |
| |
| Mapping camera systems and their control | |
| |
| |
| Cameras for oblique aerial photography | |
| |
| |
| Modern military reconnaissance cameras: concept and usage | |
| |
| |
| |
| Photographic materials for aerial photography | |
| |
| |
| Physical requirements | |
| |
| |
| Sensitometric evaluation: speed and contrast | |
| |
| |
| Spectral characteristics | |
| |
| |
| Panchromatic air films | |
| |
| |
| Colour films: negative and reversal types | |
| |
| |
| Infrared film: monochrome and false colour | |
| |
| |
| Granularity and its measurement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Exposure for aerial photography | |
| |
| |
| The nature of the aerial scene | |
| |
| |
| Tone reproduction and exposure latitude | |
| |
| |
| Atmospheric haze and its effects | |
| |
| |
| Theory of air camera exposure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Air film processing | |
| |
| |
| The problem explained | |
| |
| |
| Rewind-spool process | |
| |
| |
| Continuous processing machines | |
| |
| |
| Processing chemistry: monochrome | |
| |
| |
| The Kodak Versamat 1811-L Roller Transport colour processor | |
| |
| |
| |
| Photogrammetric requirements | |
| |
| |
| Geometric accuracy of the image | |
| |
| |
| The stereoscopic model | |
| |
| |
| Advances in photogrammetric instrumentation | |
| |
| |
| Properties of terrain and atmosphere | |
| |
| |
| |
| Image quality | |
| |
| |
| Resolution: objective and subjective features | |
| |
| |
| The point spread function | |
| |
| |
| Modulation transfer functions | |
| |
| |
| MTF by edge gradient analysis | |
| |
| |
| Tone reproduction and the effects of haze | |
| |
| |
| |
| Aircraft and installations | |
| |
| |
| Camera platforms and mission profiles | |
| |
| |
| Crew and installation design | |
| |
| |
| Vibration: camera mounts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Navigation sights | |
| |
| |
| Survey requirements | |
| |
| |
| Navigation sights (telescopes) | |
| |
| |
| Calibration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mission planning | |
| |
| |
| Calculations and formulae | |
| |
| |
| Planning for line mapping, orthophoto, MSP and colour photography | |
| |
| |
| Block photography | |
| |
| |
| System-based mission planning | |
| |
| |
| Choice of aircraft and camera optics | |
| |
| |
| Map preparation and flight pack | |
| |
| |
| Altimetry and planning for mountainous terrain survey | |
| |
| |
| Photographic planning: quantitative and qualitative | |
| |
| |
| Mission logistics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Operational procedures: first phase | |
| |
| |
| Navigation | |
| |
| |
| Pre-flight and in-flight procedures | |
| |
| |
| Navigation checks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Operational procedures: second phase | |
| |
| |
| Printing techniques | |
| |
| |
| Enlarging, rectification and mosaicing | |
| |
| |
| |
| System-based survey navigation | |
| |
| |
| Satellite navigation systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Differential GPS | |
| |
| |
| |
| Oblique aerial photography | |
| |
| |
| Flight planning for oblique photography | |
| |
| |
| Hand-held cameras for oblique aerial photography | |
| |
| |
| Operations using light aircraft | |
| |
| |
| |
| Airborne laser terrain mapping (ALTM) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Current and future developments | |
| |
| |
| Digital imagery | |
| |
| |
| Digital orthophotos | |
| |
| |
| Z/I digital modular camera (DMC) | |
| |
| |
| Mass storage of digital data | |
| |
| |
| Photogrammetric scanners | |
| |
| |
| Scanning aperture and Nyquist theory | |
| |
| |
| The digital mapping camera: a future possibility | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Institutes and societies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Companies and suppliers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Abbreviations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Specifications for air survey | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic formulae and relationships for mission planning | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conversion factors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Oblique scales | |
| |
| |
| |
| General survey aircraft specifications and performance | |
| |
| |
| Index | |