| |
| |
| |
| Basic Light Microscopy | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Basic Parts of Compound Microscope with Emphasis on PLM | |
| |
| |
| Fundamental Compound Microscope Theory with Emphasis on PLM | |
| |
| |
| Fundamental Polarized Light Microscope Theory | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Preliminary Examination, Stereomicroscopy, and Basic Sample Preparation | |
| |
| |
| Preliminary Examination and Stereomicroscopy | |
| |
| |
| Microscope Slides and Preparation | |
| |
| |
| Specimen Preparation | |
| |
| |
| Human Hair, Animal Hair, and Natural and Synthetic Fibers | |
| |
| |
| Particles, Glass, and Paint Chips | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Observations and Measurements with Polarized Light Microscopy | |
| |
| |
| Refractive Index and Relief | |
| |
| |
| Physical and Morphological Properties | |
| |
| |
| Micrometry | |
| |
| |
| Determining Optical Properties | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Chemical Microscopy and Microtechnique | |
| |
| |
| Basic Methods and Techniques of Chemical Microscopy | |
| |
| |
| Solubility Testing | |
| |
| |
| Evaporation | |
| |
| |
| Decantation | |
| |
| |
| Sublimation | |
| |
| |
| Fusion | |
| |
| |
| Chamot and Mason Reagent Application Methods | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Identification and Comparison of Human Hair | |
| |
| |
| Examination | |
| |
| |
| Somatic Origin | |
| |
| |
| Regional Origin | |
| |
| |
| Glossary of Hair Terms | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Animal Hair Identification | |
| |
| |
| Macroscopic and Microscopic Examinations | |
| |
| |
| Macroscopic Examination | |
| |
| |
| Microscopic Examination | |
| |
| |
| Cuticle | |
| |
| |
| Medulla | |
| |
| |
| Cortex | |
| |
| |
| Color and Color Banding | |
| |
| |
| Shaft and Cross-Sectional Shapes | |
| |
| |
| Root Morphology | |
| |
| |
| Species Determination and Comparisons | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Synthetic Fiber Identification | |
| |
| |
| Preliminary Examination Procedure | |
| |
| |
| Man-Made Natural and Synthetic Fibers | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Natural Fiber Identification | |
| |
| |
| Preliminary Examination Procedure | |
| |
| |
| Identification of Natural Fibers | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Natural Fiber Appendix | |
| |
| |
| |
| Textile Examination | |
| |
| |
| Structures of Fibers | |
| |
| |
| Yarn Structures | |
| |
| |
| Fabric Structures | |
| |
| |
| Fabric Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Textile Glossary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Paint Examination | |
| |
| |
| Paint Use and Composition | |
| |
| |
| Paint Examination | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Soil and Mineral Examination | |
| |
| |
| Method | |
| |
| |
| Initial Observation | |
| |
| |
| Color Matching | |
| |
| |
| Mounting in Melt Mount 1.539 | |
| |
| |
| Mineral Identification | |
| |
| |
| Counting Procedure | |
| |
| |
| Discussion | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Mineral Atlas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gemstone Identification | |
| |
| |
| Procedures for Characterizing and Identifying Gemstones | |
| |
| |
| Preliminary Examination | |
| |
| |
| Microscopic Examination | |
| |
| |
| Optical Examination | |
| |
| |
| Gemstone Identification | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dust Examination | |
| |
| |
| Composition of Dust Specimens | |
| |
| |
| Preliminary Examination | |
| |
| |
| Characterization of Human Hair | |
| |
| |
| Characterization of Animal Hair | |
| |
| |
| Characterization of Synthetic Fibers | |
| |
| |
| Characterization of Minerals, Glass, and Related Materials | |
| |
| |
| Dust Evaluation | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Case Studies | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Human Hair Atlas | |
| |
| |
| Cortex | |
| |
| |
| Medulla | |
| |
| |
| Cuticle | |
| |
| |
| Roots and Tips | |
| |
| |
| Somatic Origin | |
| |
| |
| Region of Origin | |
| |
| |
| Treated Hair | |
| |
| |
| Damage and Artifacts | |
| |
| |
| Diseases and Conditions | |
| |
| |
| Contributors to Human Hair Atlas | |
| |
| |
| |
| Animal Hair Atlas | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Synthetic Fibers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Views | |
| |
| |
| |
| PLM Appearance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Becke Line Movement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fiber Treatment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fluorescence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pleochroism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Miscellaneous Fibers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Paints and Pigments | |
| |
| |
| Additional Sample Preparation Procedure | |
| |
| |
| Tests for Binders | |
| |
| |
| Waxes | |
| |
| |
| Drying Oils | |
| |
| |
| Animal Fats | |
| |
| |
| Oils and Fats | |
| |
| |
| Resins | |
| |
| |
| Proteins | |
| |
| |
| Gum Arabic | |
| |
| |
| Collagen and Gelatin | |
| |
| |
| Starches | |
| |
| |
| Cellulose | |
| |
| |
| Clays | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Index | |