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| Medicolegal Investigative Systems | |
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| Definition of Death | |
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| Delayed Deaths | |
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| Cause, Manner, and Mechanism of Death | |
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| Sudden, Unexpected Natural Death | |
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| The Coroner System | |
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| The Medical Examiner System | |
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| Operation of a Medical Examiner System | |
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| Name Accreditation | |
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| References | |
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| Time of Death | |
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| Livor Mortis | |
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| Rigor Mortis | |
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| Body Temperature | |
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| Decomposition | |
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| Chemical Changes in Body Fluids | |
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| Flow-Cytometry | |
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| Gastric Emptying and Digestion | |
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| Insect Activity | |
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| Scene Markers | |
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| References | |
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| |
| |
| Deaths Due to Natural Disease | |
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| |
| Cardiovascular Disease | |
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| |
| Coronary Atherosclerosis | |
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| Bridging | |
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| Dissecting Coronary Aneurysm | |
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| Coronary Artery Spasm | |
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| |
| Mechanism of Sudden Death | |
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| Sudden Death: Exercise and Climate | |
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| Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease | |
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| |
| Cardiomyopathy | |
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| Valvular Disease | |
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| |
| Coronary Artery Anomalies | |
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| Myocarditis | |
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| Aortic Dissection | |
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| Sudden Death on a Physiological Basis | |
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| Deaths Due to Intracranial Lesions | |
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| |
| Epilepsy | |
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| Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | |
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| |
| Berry Aneurysms | |
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| Intracerebral Hemorrhage | |
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| |
| Primary Brain Tumors | |
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| Meningitis | |
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| Reyes Syndrome | |
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| |
| Hydrocephalus | |
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| |
| Psychiatric Patients | |
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| Respiratory System | |
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| Epiglottitis | |
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| |
| Pulmonary Thromboemboli | |
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| |
| Asthma | |
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| |
| Pneumonia | |
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| |
| Hemoptysis | |
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| |
| Spontaneous Pneumothorax of Newborns | |
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| |
| Urogenital and Gastrointestinal Tracts | |
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| |
| Spleen | |
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| |
| Pancreas | |
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| Liver | |
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| |
| Adrenals | |
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| |
| Miscellaneous | |
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| |
| Tumor and Trauma | |
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| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Blunt Trauma Wounds | |
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| |
| Abrasions | |
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| |
| Dating of Abrasions | |
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| Contusions | |
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| |
| Dating of Contusions | |
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| |
| Postmortem Bruising | |
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| |
| The Eyes and Eyelids | |
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| |
| Decomposed Bodies | |
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| |
| Lacerations | |
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| |
| Defense Wounds Due to Blunt Force | |
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| |
| Determination of Whether a Wound is Ante- or Postmortem | |
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| |
| Fractures of the Face | |
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| Fractures of the the Extremities | |
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| |
| Fractures from Direct Application of Force | |
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| |
| Fractures Caused by Indirect Application of Force | |
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| |
| Pelvic Fractures | |
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| |
| Healing of Fractures | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Blunt Trauma Injuries of the Trunk and Extremities | |
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| |
| Blunt Force Injuries of the Chest | |
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| |
| Injury to the Ribs | |
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| |
| The Sternum | |
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| |
| The Heart | |
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| The Aorta | |
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| Diaphragm | |
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| Lungs | |
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| Blunt Force Injuries of the Abdominal Viscera | |
| |
| |
| Liver | |
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| |
| Pancreas | |
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| |
| Spleen | |
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| |
| Gastrointestinal Tract | |
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| |
| Kidneys | |
| |
| |
| Urinary Bladder | |
| |
| |
| Internal Genitalia | |
| |
| |
| Blunt Force Injuries of the Extremities | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Trauma to the Skull and Brain: Craniocerebral Injuries | |
| |
| |
| Impact Injuries | |
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| |
| Soft Tissue Injuries | |
| |
| |
| Fractures of the Skull | |
| |
| |
| Contusions of the Brain | |
| |
| |
| Lacerating, Penetrating, and Perforating Wounds of the Brain | |
| |
| |
| Epidural Hemorrhages | |
| |
| |
| Acceleration/Deceleration Injuries | |
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| |
| Subdural Hematomas | |
| |
| |
| Diffuse Axonal Injury | |
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| |
| Death Due to Cerebral Concussion | |
| |
| |
| Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | |
| |
| |
| Vertebral Artery Injury (Laceration) | |
| |
| |
| Traumatic Injury of the Carotid Artery | |
| |
| |
| Traumatic Dissection of Intracranial Arteries | |
| |
| |
| Traumatic Brain Swelling and Edema | |
| |
| |
| Boxing Injuries | |
| |
| |
| Occipito-Cervical Injuries | |
| |
| |
| Lacerations of the Brainstem | |
| |
| |
| Traumatic Intracranial Aneurysms | |
| |
| |
| Cerebral Palsy | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Wounds Caused by Pointed and Sharp-Edged Weapons | |
| |
| |
| Stab Wounds | |
| |
| |
| Depth of Stab Wounds | |
| |
| |
| Appearance of Stab Wounds in Skin | |
| |
| |
| Stab Wounds from Weapons Other than Knives | |
| |
| |
| Identifying the Weapon | |
| |
| |
| Manner of Death | |
| |
| |
| Stab Wounds by Anatomical Location | |
| |
| |
| Incised-Stab Wounds | |
| |
| |
| Physical Activity Following a Fatal Stab Wound | |
| |
| |
| Force Necessary to Inflict Fatal Stab Wounds | |
| |
| |
| Postmortem Bleeding | |
| |
| |
| Incised Wounds | |
| |
| |
| Incised Wounds of the Neck | |
| |
| |
| Miscellaneous | |
| |
| |
| Chop Wounds | |
| |
| |
| Therapeutic or Diagnostic Wounds | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Asphyxia | |
| |
| |
| Suffocation | |
| |
| |
| Entrapment / Environmental Suffocation | |
| |
| |
| Smothering | |
| |
| |
| Choking | |
| |
| |
| Mechanical Asphyxia | |
| |
| |
| Suffocating Gases | |
| |
| |
| Strangulation | |
| |
| |
| Ligature Strangulation | |
| |
| |
| Manual Strangulation | |
| |
| |
| Chemical Asphyxiants | |
| |
| |
| Sexual Asphyxia (Autoerotic Asphyxia, Autoerotic Deaths) | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Deaths Caused by Motor Vehicle Accidents | |
| |
| |
| Causes of Motor Vehicle Accidents | |
| |
| |
| Natural Disease as a Cause of Motor Vehicle Accidents | |
| |
| |
| Categories of Motor Vehicle Accidents | |
| |
| |
| Front Impact Crashes | |
| |
| |
| Side Impact Crashes | |
| |
| |
| Rollovers | |
| |
| |
| Rear Impact Crashes | |
| |
| |
| Seat Belts and Air Bags | |
| |
| |
| Air Bags | |
| |
| |
| Motor Vehicle Fires | |
| |
| |
| Motorcycle Accidents | |
| |
| |
| Suicide by Motor Vehicles | |
| |
| |
| Determination of Who Was Driving | |
| |
| |
| Motor Vehicle--Train Accidents | |
| |
| |
| Toxicology in Motor Vehicle Accidents | |
| |
| |
| Pedestrian Deaths | |
| |
| |
| Relationship between Speed at Impact and Injuries | |
| |
| |
| Child Pedestrians | |
| |
| |
| Adult Pedestrians | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Airplane Crashes | |
| |
| |
| Crashes Involving Light Planes | |
| |
| |
| Crashes of Commercial Aircraft | |
| |
| |
| Causes of Crashes | |
| |
| |
| Crash Scene | |
| |
| |
| Crash Patterns | |
| |
| |
| In-Flight Fire | |
| |
| |
| Helicopter Crashes | |
| |
| |
| Hot-Air Balloons | |
| |
| |
| Lightning Strikes | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| Incidence of SIDS | |
| |
| |
| Presentation of Cases | |
| |
| |
| Non-Hereditary Nature of SIDS | |
| |
| |
| Diagnosis of SIDS | |
| |
| |
| Etiology of SIDS | |
| |
| |
| Investigation of the Death | |
| |
| |
| Communication with the Parents | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neonaticide, Infanticide, and Child Homicide | |
| |
| |
| Neonaticide | |
| |
| |
| Infanticide and Child Murder | |
| |
| |
| Battered Baby Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| The "Impulse" or "Angry" Homicide | |
| |
| |
| "Gentle" Homicides and the Lethal Variant of Munchausen's Syndrome by Proxy | |
| |
| |
| Miscellaneous Causes of Child Deaths | |
| |
| |
| Radiological Evidence of Child Abuse | |
| |
| |
| The Shaken Baby Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| Unintentional Causes of Intracranial Hemorrhage | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fire Deaths | |
| |
| |
| Burns | |
| |
| |
| Severity of Burn Injuries | |
| |
| |
| Deaths Caused by Fire | |
| |
| |
| The Burned Body | |
| |
| |
| Smoke Inhalation | |
| |
| |
| Inhalation Injuries | |
| |
| |
| Identification of the Deceased | |
| |
| |
| Causes of Fires | |
| |
| |
| Homicide by Fire | |
| |
| |
| Self Immolation | |
| |
| |
| Scalding Burns | |
| |
| |
| Chemical Burns | |
| |
| |
| Microwave Burns | |
| |
| |
| Miscellaneous | |
| |
| |
| Flash Fires: Fires Involving Flammable Hydrocarbon Liquids | |
| |
| |
| Flashover | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Carbon Monoxide Poisoning | |
| |
| |
| Mechanism of Action | |
| |
| |
| Deaths from Motor Vehicle Exhaust | |
| |
| |
| Survival Time | |
| |
| |
| Outdoor Deaths Caused by Carbon Monoxide | |
| |
| |
| Carbon Monoxide Deaths from Sources Other than Exhaust | |
| |
| |
| Decomposition and Carbon Monoxide | |
| |
| |
| Signs and Symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning | |
| |
| |
| Fatal Levels of Carbon Monoxide | |
| |
| |
| Suicide or Accident | |
| |
| |
| Autopsy Findings | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Death by Drowning | |
| |
| |
| Physiology of Drowning | |
| |
| |
| Autopsy Finding | |
| |
| |
| Tests for Drowning | |
| |
| |
| Drownings in Bathtubs | |
| |
| |
| Scuba Divers | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electrocution | |
| |
| |
| Mechanism of Death | |
| |
| |
| Fractures Caused by Electrocution | |
| |
| |
| Involuntary Movements Caused by Electricity-Induced Contraction of Muscle | |
| |
| |
| Autopsy Findings | |
| |
| |
| Manner of Death | |
| |
| |
| Lightning | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hyperthermia and Hypothermia: the Effects of Heat and Cold | |
| |
| |
| Heat Stroke | |
| |
| |
| Malignant Hyperthermia | |
| |
| |
| Miscellaneous Causes of Hyperthermia | |
| |
| |
| Saunas | |
| |
| |
| Exercise, Body Temperature, Humidity and Exhaustion | |
| |
| |
| Hypothermia | |
| |
| |
| Hypothermia in Water | |
| |
| |
| Hypothermia on Land | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rape | |
| |
| |
| The Living Rape Victim | |
| |
| |
| Rape-Homicides | |
| |
| |
| Transport of the Body | |
| |
| |
| Examination of the Body | |
| |
| |
| Trace Evidence Recovery from the Hands | |
| |
| |
| Examination of the Clothing | |
| |
| |
| The Body | |
| |
| |
| Hair | |
| |
| |
| Evidence of Sexual Intercourse | |
| |
| |
| Bite Marks | |
| |
| |
| Homosexual Rape | |
| |
| |
| DNA Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Short Tandem Repeats | |
| |
| |
| Combined DNA Index System | |
| |
| |
| Mitochondrial DNA Analysis | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Emboli | |
| |
| |
| Gas Embolism | |
| |
| |
| Fat Embolism Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| Amniotic Fluid Emboli | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Topics in Forensic Pathology | |
| |
| |
| Primary Cardiac Arrest during Exercise | |
| |
| |
| Starvation | |
| |
| |
| Anaphylactic Deaths | |
| |
| |
| Injury of the Eye Caused by Acids and Alkalis | |
| |
| |
| Death in the Dental Chair | |
| |
| |
| Maternal Mortality: Criminal Abortion | |
| |
| |
| Abortifacient Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Local Abortifacient | |
| |
| |
| Instrumentation | |
| |
| |
| Stillborn Infants | |
| |
| |
| Traumatic Lesions of Birth | |
| |
| |
| Water Intoxication | |
| |
| |
| Vitreous | |
| |
| |
| Electrolyte Disorders | |
| |
| |
| Blast Injuries | |
| |
| |
| Intra-Operative Deaths | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nursing Home Deaths | |
| |
| |
| Drug Overdoses | |
| |
| |
| Accidents Not Involving Medications | |
| |
| |
| Homicides | |
| |
| |
| Suicides | |
| |
| |
| Gross Neglect of Patients | |
| |
| |
| Signs of Neglect | |
| |
| |
| Contractures | |
| |
| |
| Malnutrition | |
| |
| |
| Dehydration | |
| |
| |
| Decubitus Ulcers | |
| |
| |
| Homicide by Decubitus Ulcers | |
| |
| |
| Deaths Caused by Hospital Bed Side-Rails | |
| |
| |
| Deaths Caused by Medical Restraints | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sudden Death During or Immediately after a Violent Struggle | |
| |
| |
| Excited Delirium | |
| |
| |
| Catecholamine Release | |
| |
| |
| Potassium | |
| |
| |
| Effects of Catecholamines on the Heart | |
| |
| |
| Actions of Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Alcohol | |
| |
| |
| Endogenous Mental Disease: Acute Psychotic Episodes | |
| |
| |
| Natural Disease without Anatomical Manifestations | |
| |
| |
| Deaths Ascribed to Positional Asphyxia | |
| |
| |
| Certification of Death | |
| |
| |
| Pepper Spray | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interpretive Toxicology: Drug Abuse and Drug Deaths | |
| |
| |
| Collection of Tissue for Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Tissue Analyses | |
| |
| |
| Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Toxicology Screens | |
| |
| |
| Deaths | |
| |
| |
| Ethyl Alcohol | |
| |
| |
| Methyl Alcohol | |
| |
| |
| Isopropanol | |
| |
| |
| Ethylene Glycol | |
| |
| |
| Phencyclidine (PCP) | |
| |
| |
| Heroin | |
| |
| |
| Propoxyphene | |
| |
| |
| Fentanyl | |
| |
| |
| Cocaine | |
| |
| |
| Methamphetamine and Amphetamine | |
| |
| |
| Miscellaneous Narcotics | |
| |
| |
| Inhalants | |
| |
| |
| Lead | |
| |
| |
| Iron | |
| |
| |
| Lye (NaOH) | |
| |
| |
| Arsenic | |
| |
| |
| Cyanide | |
| |
| |
| Strychnine | |
| |
| |
| Digoxin, Succinylcholine, and Insulin | |
| |
| |
| Antidepressants | |
| |
| |
| Mixed Drug Overdose | |
| |
| |
| Barbiturates | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Appendix | |
| |
| |
| The Forensic Autopsy | |
| |
| |
| The Autopsy Report | |
| |
| |
| Index | |