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| Editors' Note | |
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| List of Illustrations | |
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| Reference Maps | |
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| Introduction - Texts and Images for Colonial History | |
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| Old Worlds and the Time of Discoveries | |
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| The Ancestors of the People Called Indians: A View from Huarochiri, Peru (ca. 1598-1608) | |
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| The Inka's Tunics (fifteenth to sixteenth centuries) | |
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| The Lords and Holy Men of Tenochtitlan Reply to the Franciscans, 1524 (1564) | |
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| The Aztec Stone of the Five Eras (late fifteenth century) | |
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| Coexistence in the Medieval Spanish Kingdoms (ninth to twelfth centuries) | |
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| A Pope Rewards "So Salutary and Laudable a Work" (1455) | |
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| "There Can Easily Be Stamped Upon Them Whatever Belief We Wish to Give Them": The First Letter from Brazil (1500) | |
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| Orders Given to "the Twelve" (1523) | |
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| Francisco de Vitoria "On the Evangelization of Unbelievers," Salamanca, Spain (1534-35) | |
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| The Americas as New Worlds for All? | |
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| The Jesuit and the Bishop, Bahia, Brazil (1552-53) | |
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| Fray Pedro de Gante's Letter to Charles V, Mexico City (1552) | |
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| The Evils of Cochineal, Tlaxcala Mexico (1553) | |
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| The Indian Pueblo of Texupa in Sixteenth-Century Mexico (1579) | |
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| Alonso Ortiz's Letter to His Wife, Mexico City (1574?) | |
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| Jeronimo de Benarcama's Letter to Francisco de Borja, Granada, Spain (1566) | |
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| Jose de Acosta on the Salvation of the Indians (1588) | |
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| Mid-Colonial Ways and Orders | |
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| Making an Image and a Shrine, Copacabana, Peru (1582-1621) | |
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| Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala's Appeal Concerning the Priests, Peru (ca. 1615) | |
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| Pedro de Leon Portocarrero's Description of Lima, Peru (early seventeenth century) | |
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| The Church and Monastery of San Francisco, Lima, Peru (1673) | |
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| Santa Rosa of Lima According to a Pious Accountant (1617) | |
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| Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz's Letter to Sor Filotea (1691) | |
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| Portraits of Santa Rosa and Sor Juana | |
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| Two Slaveries - The Sermons of Padre Antonio Vieira, Salvador, Bahia (ca. 1633), and Sao Luis do Maranhao (1653) | |
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| Confessing to the Holy Office of the Inquisition, Bahia, Brazil (1592, 1618) | |
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| Francisco de Avila's Christmas Eve Sermon (1646) | |
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| The Witness Francisco Poma y Altas Caldeas of San Pedro de Acas, Cajatambo, Peru (1657) | |
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| A Black Irmandade in Bahia, Brazil (1699) | |
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| Iberian Rules and American Practices in the Eighteenth Century | |
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| "As for the Spaniards, their time is up," Jauja, Peru (1742, 1752) | |
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| Nicolas Nenguiru's Letter to the Governor of Buenos Aires (1753) | |
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| Jose de Galvez's Decrees for the King's Subjects in Mexico (1769, 1778) | |
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| The Foundation of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe de los Morenos de Amapa, Mexico (1769) | |
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| Concolorcorvo Engages the Postal Inspector about Indian Affairs, Lima, Peru (1776) | |
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| Taming the Wilderness, Minas Garais, Brazil (1769) | |
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| Juan Francisco Dominguez's Discourses on the Ten Commandments, Mexico (1805) | |
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| Brazilian Slaves Who Marry (1811) | |
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| Two Brazilian Wills (1793, 1823) | |
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| Jose Maria Morelos's "Sentiments of the Nation," Chilpancingo, Mexico (1813) | |
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| The Argentine Declaration of Independence, San Miguel de Tucuman (1816) | |
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| The Brazilian Constitution and the Church (1824) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Notes on Selections and Sources | |
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| Index | |